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Venoms are a rich source of highly specific toxins, which allow the identification of novel therapeutic targets. We have now applied high content screening (HCS) microscopy to identify toxins that modulate pain sensitization signaling in primary sensory neurons of rat and elucidated the underlying mechanism. A set of venoms and fractions thereof were analyzed for their ability to activate type II...
Bites of tiger spiders belonging to Poecilotheria genus cause moderate to severe pain and long-lasting local or generalized muscle cramps in humans. Bites occur in regions of the spiders' natural habitat, India and Sri Lanka, but the popularity of these colorful tarantulas as pets leads to reports of envenomation cases worldwide. Treatment is predominantly symptomatic and often inadequate since there...
Two new polypeptide toxins named Hm-1 and Hm-2 were isolated from the venom of the crab spider Heriaeus melloteei. These toxins consist of 37 and 40 amino acid residues, respectively, contain three intramolecular disulfide bonds, and presumably adopt the inhibitor cystine knot motif. Hm-1 is C-terminally amidated and shows a low degree of homology to spider toxins agelenin and μ-agatoxin-II, whereas...
A novel polypeptide, designated ω-Lsp-IA, which modulates P-type Ca 2+ channels, was purified from the venom of the spider Geolycosa sp. ω-Lsp-IA contains 47 amino acid residues and 4 intramolecular disulfide bridges. It belongs to a group of spider toxins affecting Ca 2+ channels and presumably forms the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold. Peculiar structural features (a cluster of...
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