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The reliability of junction box plays the critical characteristic in PV development. We perform the statistic analysis from 3.8 million modules over 1GW capacity during the first five year system operation. There are total 73 faulty junction boxes spreading out in 26 of over 1,250 project sites globally with 19.2ppm failure rate. Around 85% of failure is contributed by system install sector within...
The recent rise of mobile applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), wearable electronics, and context aware computing has renewed the search for a universal embedded memory technology [1]. Such a technology should combine fast read/write, low voltage operation, low power consumption, non-volatility, infinite endurance, with CMOS process compatibility. Magnetic Random Access Memory based on Spin...
This paper proposes a generator maintenance scheduling (GMS) problem with due consideration of minimizing CO2 emissions. The conventional objectives such as leveling the reserve rate, maximizing reliability and minimizing production cost have been effectively dealt with in the GMS problem until now. This paper considers minimizing CO2 emission as an additional objective in the GMS problem, where the...
Cross-point memory framework provides high capacity, low power consumption, and low cost in nonvolatile-memory (NVM) technology [1,2]. Resistive cross-point memory structure is one of the potential candidates with scaling down beyond the flash memory [3]. In order to increase density for cross-point architecture, the vertical diode is integrated for the controller (Fig. 1) without planar MOSFET or...
This paper proposes a new methodology for evaluating the probabilistic reliability of a grid constrained composite power system including wind turbine generators (WTG). The proposed model can consider capacity limitations and transmission line unavailability. The importance of renewable energy sources has been growing at a rapid rate due to environmental concerns. In particular, wind energy is one...
This paper presents the advanced I/O device design for 32 nm Hi-K Metal Gate technology with multi-high operation voltages. Process optimization work is done on the I/O composite gate dielectric stack to improve TDDB Vmax. By using advanced junction engineering, 3.3 V device Isubmax is reduce by 30-40% without Ion degradation based on TCAD simulation guideline. At the same time, 2.5 V device drive...
A high performance 22/20nm CMOS bulk FinFET achieves the best in-class N/P Ion values of 1200/1100 μA/μm for Ioff=100nA/μm at 1V. Excellent device electrostatic control is demonstrated for gate length (Lgate) down to 20nm. Dual-Epitaxy and multiple stressors are essential to boost the device performance. Dual workfunction (WF) with an advanced High-K/Metal gate (HK/MG) stack is deployed in an integration-friendly...
Many technical areas in power systems require the simultaneous optimization of multiple and often conflicting objective functions with complicated non-linear constraints. The recent studies on multi-objective evolutionary computation methods have shown that the population-based stochastic algorithms are the most attractive approaches for this class of problems. Moreover, these methods can be efficiently...
Congestion management is one of the most important issues for secure and reliable system operations in deregulated electricity market. This paper presents a cost/worth analysis approach for optimal location and sizing of Distributed Resources (DRs) to mitigate congestion and increase security of the system. In order to reduce the solution space a priority of candidate buses is formed, then optimal...
A search engine provides two distinct types of results, organic and paid, each of which uses different mechanisms for selecting and ranking relevant web pages for a query. A comparative shopping agent (CSA), such as a price comparison Website, conveniently provides Web consumers with companies that sell desired product and the prices they offer on one page, which greatly reduces search costs. We identify...
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