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Glial activation is hypothesized to contribute directly to opioid withdrawal. This study investigated the dose‐dependent effects of a glial cell modulator, ibudilast, on withdrawal symptoms in opioid‐dependent volunteers after abrupt discontinuation of morphine administration. Non‐treatment‐seeking heroin‐dependent volunteers (n = 31) completed the in‐patient, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, within‐subject...
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have shown that addiction to a number of substances of abuse is associated with a decrease in dopamine D 2/3 receptor binding and decreased presynaptic dopamine release in the striatum. Some studies have also shown that these reductions are associated with the severity of addiction. For example, in cocaine dependence, low dopamine release...
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