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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been recognized as efficient biological nitrogen removal process, which has the advantages of cost-effective and low energy compared to the conventional nitrification and denitrification processes. However, the efficient operation and control is limited due to the complexity of nonlinear and biochemical phenomena involved. This paper proposes an appropriate...
A newly structured 150GHz divider-by-2 injection-locked frequency (ILFD) is designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology. This ILFD uses a new adjustable inductor tuning technique and time-interleaved dual-injection method to improve the frequency division range. A 1-bit binary-weighted switch-capacitor is also used to widen the locking range. From the post-layout simulation result we can see that four self-resonance...
A quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) with low phase noise and low power consumption is proposed. In order to improve the oscillation frequency and reduced the phase noise, a feedback network composed of buffer amplifiers and capacitors is introduced to the QVCO. And a newly structured adjustable inductor is also used in QVCO, which can improve the tuning range without adding extra power...
Soft-start is very important for Boost converters to keep output voltage stable. However, previous methods may cause large initial inrush current, big voltage drop, overshoots and long start-up time. In this paper, the conventional resistor capacitor (RC) soft-start scheme is firstly analyzed, and then a novel soft-start strategy by using a variable ramp-slope with predefined voltage (VRSPV) is proposed...
Phase noise of oscillators can be improved through noise filtering. This paper presents a transformer-based harmonic filtering technique to improve the phase noise performance of the fully differential CMOS LC oscillators. The primary and secondary of the transformer are placed at the sources of NMOS and PMOS differential pairs, respectively. Due to the extra degree of freedom introduced by the transformer,...
In this paper, we propose an air-bridge based on-chip suspended inductor for MMIC application. The quality factor of suspended inductor on sapphire is 10.6 at 4.0 GHz, which is improved by almost 50%, comparing with traditional air-bridge based inductor of the same size. The self-resonance frequency is also improved from 9 GHz to 10 GHz. Several key fabrication processes of this suspended inductor...
The basic idea of H2-C mixture reduction reflexes using hydrogen as main reductant and carbon as main heat generator in iron bath smelt reduction reactors on purpose to cut down total energy consumption and CO2 emission, protect the environment and take advantage of the new energy source. First of all, the calculation of mass and energy balance is very important for the smelt production, optimization...
In this paper, a novel methodology to fully automate inductor model extraction with guaranteed physical scalability is proposed. A consistent automatic frequency range selection mechanism is added to the direct extraction flow of a 2-π model to ensure the underlying physical trend and scalability. The method is validated with 45 inductor measurements with frequency up to 20 GHz, both good accuracy...
A high output power and high efficiency power amplifier (PA) is designed for 60 GHz wireless point-to-point communication using IBM 90 nm CMOS process. A high efficiency is achieved through the utilization of cascode structure with floating n-well and differential inductor to resonate out the parasitic capacitances. To further boost the output power, four PA units are combined together through power...
Catalytic systems based on activated carbon(AC) modified by manganese oxide were investigated for the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts were prepared by immersion method. Effect of preparation conditions on catalytic activity were studied, including calcination temperature, content of active component, drying temperature after immersing alkali and addition...
This paper proposes a dynamic model and control strategy for the voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC) under fault AC conditions. After simplify the equivalent circuit of the VSC transmission system, a VSC-HVDC electromagnetic transient model which considering the loss of the phase reactors has been built. To restrain the DC voltage double line-frequency...
We present a novel methodology to extract model parameters from measured S-parameter for silicon on-chip center-tapped differential spiral inductor. The double-pi equivalent circuit topology is employed in which conductor skin effect is considered. The extraction procedure based on Modified Differential Evolution is demonstrated to be efficient and effective. The excellent accuracy of the results...
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