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The output power of photovoltaic generation (PVG) varies with solar irradiance and temperature nonlinearly. Therefore, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is very important to operate PVG to harvest the maximum solar energy in real time. The perturbation and observation (P&O) method is one of the most commonly used MPPT methods. However, P&O MPPT suffers a tradeoff in selecting the perturbation...
The electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test for EMC was one important reliability regulation. The turn-on-efficient on-chip ESD protection circuit is required to clamp the overstress voltage. A new design of ESD protection diodes with embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) was proposed to protect the gigahertz differential low-noise amplifier (LNA). Experimental results had shown that the...
In this work, selenium treatment at 250–350°C on the polycrystalline CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin films sputtered from a quaternary target has been investigated in order to passivate anionic defects which induce the current-blocking behavior and lowering open circuit voltage. The CIGS thin films were selenized in a closed-space graphite container. The result of selenization was characterized by Raman...
This work presents a charge pump (CP) calibration technique for a delta-sigma fractional-N phase-locked loop (ΣΔ-FNPLL). The proposed calibration method introduces an auxiliary path to the CP circuit and utilizes some interval within each reference cycle to detect the mismatch and then correct the up/down current difference. The proposed CP calibration is employed in the design of a 2.4-GHz ΣΔ-FNPLL...
An on-line monitoring system for the insulation condition of capacitive-type equipment is described. The system adopts a distributed and layered multi-CPU structure, which is composed of the on-site measuring and processing unit, and data management and diagnosis system in the control room of substation. The on-site measuring and processing unit is based on DSP+FPGA hardware platform. Thus, the hardware...
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