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As the current-carrying capability of a copper line is reduced due to interconnect dimension shrinkage, self-aligned CoWP metal-cap has been reported to be helpful to improve degraded electromigration (EM) reliability. However, adoption of the metal cap in general further exacerbates the already problematic low-k dielectric TDDB reliability at 32nm and beyond. This paper provides a comprehensive study...
In this paper, a correlation between the I-V slope at low fields and TDDB voltage acceleration is demonstrated for the first time, based on a wide range of data from 32 nm to 130 nm node hardware. The data supports the radicE model, which is based on electron fluence (leakage current) driven, Cu catalyzed, low-k dielectric breakdown. Using this correlation, a fast wafer level screen method was also...
Selective CVD Ru cap deposition process has been developed for BEOL Cu/low-k integration. Selectivity of CVD Ru deposition between Cu and dielectrics is investigated. Electrical performance, electromigration (EM) lifetime, voltage ramp (I-V), and time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) are also characterized for Cu interconnects capped with CVD Ru. This selective CVD Ru cap process is a good candidate...
During the development and qualification of a 300mm low-k/Cu back end of line (BEOL) technology, the long-term reliability of such interconnects including low-k time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), Cu electromigration (EM), Cu stress migration (SM), and Cu/low-k thermal behavior are rapidly becoming one of the most critical challenges. In this paper, a comprehensive reliability evaluation for...
The reliability of a two-level electromigration structure stressed under various conditions is described. The structure consists of Cu dual damascene metallization with SiCOH as the low-k dielectric. A new electromigration test system is implemented to greatly increase the sample size without significantly increasing the hardware requirements. Due to the presence of two failure modes, the statistical...
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