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In this paper, we represent a terrain inference method based on vibration features. Autonomous navigation in unstructured environments is a challenging problem. Especially, the detailed interpretation of terrain in unstructured environments is necessary to set an efficient navigation trajectory. As the vibration features are obtained from interactions between the robot and terrain, terrain inference...
This paper presents an objects-based topological mapping algorithm on different floors with various objects using a wheeled mobile robot. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) with adaptive measurement noise according to the terrain type is proposed to estimate the position of the robot. If an infrared distance sensor detects an object, the robot moves around the object to obtain the shape information...
Petroleum refinery is one of the major CO2 emitters in the global industrial sector. The refinery has a number of various CO2 emission points including the utility plants and furnaces. Also, it consumes a large amount of industrial water as feedstock for utility. In particular, for those located in the Middle East area which is arid, the supply of the water resource turns out to be a serious problem,...
Soliton microcombs are demonstrated at both 1064 nm and 778 nm by dispersion-engineering on-chip silica resonators. These are the shortest wavelength soliton microcombs demonstrated to date and have potential applications in optical clocks and metrology.
To minimize functional morbidity associated with brain surgery, new preventive approaches (also referred to as "prehabilitation") by using motor-imagery-based computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) can be utilized. To achieve successful MI-BCI performance for prehabilitation purposes, the characteristics of an electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal that is associated with overt motor function ("real...
A microresonator having Q factors greater than 200 million and featuring a silicon-nitride integrated coupling waveguide is described. The device is a critical advance for new microcavity applications requiring integrated, ultra-high-Q and millimeter-scale cavities.
In this paper, we propose a classification method for single views of 3D objects with missing data retrieval. A mobile robot equipped with range sensors basically obtains only single view information of a 3D scene. Therefore, large amount of information is missing by self-occlusion, which leads to severe restriction on the object classification exploiting the whole shapes of 3D objects. Humans can...
Virtual P-N diodes are emulated in undoped SOI films by biasing the front and back gates such as to induce electrostatically doped regions. The I-V curves are diode-like and can be engineered via gate voltage. We exploit the characteristics of the virtual diode for lifetime characterization, which was considered as a very challenging task in ultrathin SOI films. Two original methods are proposed and...
Driven by the need for high data-rates and improved cell coverage, mobile phone filters are required to process increasingly high RF power levels. The simultaneous demand for smaller filter footprints makes designing a filter for high-power performance a challenge. We report a method for simulating the self-heating effects of high input powers on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter. We also report...
Mobile filters are required to process increasing RF power levels, driven by the need for higher data-rates and improved cell-edge coverage. This results in more demanding filter specifications for loss, rejection, isolation, linearity and reliability, while, at the same time, handset OEMs require smaller filter footprints.
In this study, the comparison of time-zero Vt and Bias-Temperature Instability (BTI) induced Vt shift on advanced planar (20nm System-on-Chip, 20SoC) and FinFET (16nm FinFET, 16FF) is investigated, which is modeled by Dispersive Skellam (DS) cumulative distribution framework. As a result of the much better time-zero Vt mismatch and less VT shift spread in FinFET devices, the SRAM static noise margin...
Recent trends in cellular handsets demand SAW resonators with increased performance. Most importantly, improvements in both the resonators' quality factor (Q) and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) are needed. The TC-SAW concept employing buried Cu electrodes in SiO2/128°Y-LiNbO3 has attracted considerable practical interest in this view, with the requirement that the spurious transverse modes...
The internal and external semiconductors in the power cable have semiconducting properties and serve as a polymer material to prevent the concentration of electric fields that may occur between the insulator and the conductor and to uniformly distribute the electric field radially. In this paper, we will construct a model cable using commercial and Nano-semiconductor and evaluate long-term reliability...
This paper presents a probabilistic normal distributions transform (NDT) representation which improves the accuracy of point cloud registration by using the probabilities of point samples. Since conventional NDT does not generate distributions in cells having fewer point samples than the number threshold, it would be failed to represent the environment if the point cloud is divided by high-resolution...
We have invented a novel channel mobility extraction method in the gated region of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The resistances in the contact, gated, and access region were extracted from Id(Vg) measurements on a set of HEMTs with various gate-to-drain distances and gate lengths. By considering the impact of the access and contact resistances, an accurate model to describe...
In this paper, we report a novel method of multi-location cross-section sample preparation for TEM failure analysis from the same planar view TEM sample, which is a large soft fail area. With the development of semiconductor technology, the sizes of devices are smaller and smaller, and the complexity of their structures is increasing. Though a test may show that a large area including multiple devices...
As a key part of failure analysis function in semiconductor foundry industry, TEM micro-topography becomes more and more important while semiconductor devices' critical dimensions get smaller and smaller. And the FIB/TEM sample preparation technique takes the first priority to achieve high quality TEM pictures. Normally FIB operators have to avoid sample defects such as sample bending, poor thickness...
The continuous scaling of device dimension and the introduction of FinFET technology has led to new reliability concerns, such as Bias Temperature Instability (BTI), Stress-Induced Leakage Current (SILC), Self-Heat Effect (SHE) and Time Dependent Junction degradation (TDJD). These reliability issues become process and design bottle neck for the advanced technology development because of their stringent...
The GOX is the most fragile element of a MOS transistor. With the scaling of device, the GOX thickness has been reduced to a few atomic layers, therefore any tiny defects in gate oxide can lead to high leakage current and even gate oxide breakdown. FIB/TEM analysis and chemical wet etching pinhole technology are usually adopted to characterize GOX leakage defect. However, TEM by FIB-cross section...
Wafer level package (WLP) sample is one of the most popular packaged methods due to its low cost (wafer batch process), high performance, small form factor and low assembly cost [1]. Decapsulation is necessary for failure analysis. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the sketch maps of the WLP wafer with Sn balls on the chip. The stannum (Sn) ball on the package need be removed while the copper line (Re-distribution...
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