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The planned Indonesia Banten power plant project is programmed with total installed capacity of 2x670MW, its cooling water discharge is 59.6m3/s. Approximately 0.8km southwest of this project, there is another power plant named Suralaya has been built. Two power plants both adopted once-through seawater cooling system that taking cooling water from the Java Sea directly. When two power plants running...
Using SF6 mixed gas instead of pure SF6 gas can effectively solve the problem of cryogenic liquefaction. However, it is necessary to verify the applicability of Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure when it is applied on analyzing the liquidation problem of SF6 mixed gas. In this paper, SF6/CF4 gas mixture is taken as an example to introduce a problem that if the mixture can meet requirement under temperature...
In a multi-energy microgrid system, meteorology factors can not only affect output of renewable resources, but also affect cooling and heating demand. Considering relationship of meteorology factors (solar insolation, wind speed, outdoor temperature) and cooling, heating, electricity demand of users in a multi-energy microgrid system, this paper proposes a model which can describe relationship between...
Shrinking reserves of natural resources as well as incisive environmental pollution oblige humanity to rethink its generally favored propulsion concept: in the last decade electro-mobility as a refurbished technology gained greater significance once more. Due to political course setting, many German cities are testing Electric Vehicles (EV) especially in public bus transport. To get to the bottom...
Air Conditioning (AC) energy consumption can be reduce by applying spot cooling concept. The smart concept of spot cooling focusing on cooling the occupants in a room rather than randomly disperse the cooling air everywhere to bring down the entire room temperature. The idea is to focus on the purpose of installing AC in the first place which is consumer comfort. The controller utilized for this project...
In this study, PID controller instrument design for controlling the input current to thermoelectric cooler (TEC). For cooling process, we used thermoelectric type of 12706 with active material of Bi2Te3. The instrument was tested by comparing the cooling process with and without PID control. Without PID control, the TEC modules cooled the temperature down to 11 “C within 6538 seconds. This temperature...
Thermal management is a serious concern in electronic industry. It is important to understand the effects of ambient conditions on cooling of electronics. In this work, the effect of ambient conditions on the thermophysical properties of humid air is estimated in five cities (Copenhagen, Mashhad, Singapore, Las Vegas and Jakarta). Thereafter, the Nu number is calculated for cooling of an isothermal...
The interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) is a crucial factor for solder jointing reliability assessment and a suitable IMC layer size guarantees the quality of solder joints. On one hand, the interfacial grains keep growing with reaction time during soldering; On the other hand, with the coming universal application of 3D electronic packaging in modern electron industry, multiple reflows become...
Battery thermal management (BTM) system is indispensable for compact lithium-ion (Li-ion) energy storage system used in aerospace and automotive applications. Besides maintaining the battery temperature within an optimum range, thus extending their lifespan and improving their electrochemical and electrical performance, the BTM system also needs to be well designed with considering the rigorous constraints...
A remarkable progress has recently been achieved in studies of thermodynamics and heat machines, with experiments probing down to micro and nano-scale systems such as the single Brownian particle [1], as well as the single atom [2]. However, despite several theoretical proposals [3, 4], implementation of heat machines in the fully quantum regime remains a challenge. We report on an experimental realization...
Outward migration of the turn insulations of several poles was observed on every generators in one of Hydro-Québec's power plant and was attributed to thermomechanical stresses. The concern for these rotors is more related to consequences of such degradation and to decide what should be the next course of action considering that the units have been operating for just over thirty years out of 50 years...
We report high performance extremely-thin-body (ETB) Ge-on-Insulator (GOI) pMOSFETs fabricated by a new Ge condensation process with minimized temperature cycles and slow cooling-down rate. This new condensation process effectively suppresses strain relaxation during Ge condensation and creates high compressive strain. By combining the highly-strained GOI substrates with a digital etching process,...
This article presents a simple and effective approach of high performance microprocessor's throughput enhancement. It aims at introducing of the notion of Reaction Time (RT). RT is a value that describes the time in which the TΔT control system is fed about the change in ambient cooling condition. Utilization of an additional temperature sensor enables to find out the information about dynamic change...
The paper presents a review of the current state of energy consumption in Kazakhstan and Russia, and the outlook for introduction of energy-efficient LED-based lighting. The authors propose an experimental stand to facilitate study of illumination properties of high-power LEDs in various temperature conditions, and to maintain the optimum operating parameters of LEDs.
Cloud datacenters must ensure high availability for the hosted applications and failures can be the bane of datacenter operators. Understanding the what, when and why of failures can help tremendously to mitigate their occurrence and impact. Failures can, however, depend on numerous spatial and temporal factors spanning hardware, workloads, support facilities, and even the environment. One has to...
This study investigated how the perception of skin temperature is affected by asymmetrically changing hot and cold stimuli applied to nearby sections of the skin. In the first part of the study, different rates and starting temperatures were applied to evaluate the time at which the temperature change was first noticed. In the second part, a method of asymmetrically-applied hot and cold stimuli was...
Based on the experimental research results, the static and dynamic characteristics of a standard natural gas air-cooling unit (ACU) as the controlled object (CO) are presented in this paper. The requirements for the quality index of the automatic control system (ACS) regulation in terms of the outlet gas temperature with significant variations of CO parameters are put forth. The topic of the structural...
Experimentally established, the influence of the working temperature and solar radiation power on the efficiency of industrial production silicon solar cells. Based on the experimental results designed the concept of a hybrid solar generating module equipped with a mirror concentrator of solar radiation and solar cells cooling system for using in high-performance solar energy station. Concentrator...
Since mechanical chillers account for a large fraction of electricity spent on cooling, data centers are looking for ways to reduce their usage. In High Performance Computing, a popular approach is to use readily available high temperature direct liquid cooling (HT-DLC) that allows for mechanical chiller free cooling of compute components. Additionally, it provides a means to re-use their waste heat...
High temperatures reduce the output power of photovoltaic panels. This work analyzes the influence of surfaces with different albedo indices on the temperature of the panels, from the comparison between two surfaces with different emissivity indices. A water-based reflective material composed of hollow ceramic nanometer beads was used on the installation surface of the panels, compared to the installation...
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