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This paper presents the modular multilevel cascade converter (MMCC) based on chopper-cells suitable to medium and high voltage systems without line-frequency transformers. This converter is characterized by a modular arm structure composed by cascaded chopper-cells with floating dc capacitors. The arm structure requires average voltage control and voltage-balancing control of the dc capacitors. This...
The phase angle is a critical parameter for the operation of grid-connected systems. The limited amount of information available for the single-phase systems for the phase angle detection requires phase-locked-loop (PLL) methods more advanced than those used three-phase systems. The main difference between the methods is the orthogonal system generator (OSG). This paper presents a phase-locked-loop...
This paper describes an algorithm for phase angle estimation based on symmetrical sequence components. The algorithm uses the recursive weighted least-squares method to estimate the fundamental component of the positive and negative sequences. The phase angle is estimated at each iteration from the fundamental component of positive sequence. The proposed method eliminates low order harmonics and dc...
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