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This paper describes an electric and mechanical brake cooperative control method suitable for front and rear wheel independent drive type electric vehicles (FRID EVs) for various severe road conditions with low friction coefficient (μ) like icy roads and split-μ roads. The brake cooperative control method is proposed based on the analysis results of vehicle behavior at the time of braking on split-μ...
Direct drive, in-wheel motors are ideal for electric and hybrid vehicles because the packaging of the drivetrain is so simple, because drivetrain losses are eliminated, and because individual wheel control improves handling and safety. In applications where cost is not a constraint, e.g. solar car racing, direct drive, in-wheel motors are the norm. In-wheel motors are also regularly demonstrated in...
Controllers for on board battery charger of Electric Vehicles are studied. To ensure the regulation of the grid currents of PWM inverters different kind of RST controllers are presented. Pole placement controllers allowing the cancellation of steady state errors in response to polynomial reference signals has been introduced few years ago. This paper proposed to compare different RST controllers in...
Recent trends towards electrification of vehicles favour the adoption of waste energy recovery into electricity. Battery-only Electric Vehicles (BEV) need a very large energy storage system so the use of a Range Extender (RE) may allow a significant downsizing of these bulky components. The Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) have two major discarded energy fluxes, engine cooling and exhaust gas. In...
Accurate forecasting of electricity load has been one of the most important issues in the electricity industry. Recently, along with power system privatization and deregulation, accurate forecast of electricity load has received increasing attention. In this paper, For overcoming difficulties in application of the method of BP neural network, such as it is difficult to define the network structure...
This paper presents a DC-link voltage ripple compensation method for the five-level flying capacitor (FC) based active-neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter operating with selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM). The compensation method modifies the modulation index according to the DC-link voltage ripple, which in turns alters the switching functions. The modification of...
Generalized Integrator (GI) used in current control for Active Power Filters (APF) can achieve zero steady-state error for concerned harmonics compensation. This paper presents a controller, based on an array of frequency adaptive GIs, each one for a couple of harmonics, implemented in synchronous reference frame in order to reduce the overall computational effort. In order to eliminate the unexpected...
Time constants of supercapacitors are in the range of 100mS to tens of seconds compared to the time durations of power line transients, which are usually within a few hundred microseconds. Therefore supercapacitors should withstand short duration surges with energy values specified in IEEE C62-41 series and IEC 61400-4-5 and similar standards. After experimentally confirming this useful property of...
In the case of conventional and hybrid vehicles, the research departments of automotive companies' use standardized driving cycles to estimate fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, for electric vehicles the main objective is the improvement of the vehicle performances such as the autonomy, the maximum speed, acceleration‥, to reach those of conventional vehicles. For this study,...
Supercapacitor circulation techniques can be used to improve the end-to-end efficiency of linear regulators based on commercial low drop-out regulators (LDO). In this approach a single or multiple supercapacitors are used in series and parallel to the input of a LDO IC and circulated at a very low frequency, to increase the end-to-end efficiency by a multiplication factor compared with the efficiency...
Micro-inverters convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel to alternating current (AC). They have several advantages over conventional string inverters like higher maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency, easier installation and longer lifetime. Interleave technique could be used in micro-inverter to reduce the power devices' conduction loss at full load, enlarge the power capacity...
Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have received substantial attention. However, EVs have several problems that prevent their widespread use. In particular, the cruising distance per charge is the most important parameter. In order to solve the problem of a short cruising range, there have been many efforts to improve battery capacity. In contrast, in this paper, range extension control systems (RECSs)...
In this paper, power supply unit based on the Engine-Generator Set (EGS) will be discussed. The recent trends lead to the use of more autonomous power sources to satisfy the maximum energy yield. These power units can be considered as comparatively sophisticated system, consisting of mechanical part, electromechanical energy conversion part, power electronics and control (feed-back) part. These systems...
Nowadays transformerless PV converters are widely used in the energy conversion stage of a PV plant, because their good characteristics regarding efficiency, size, cost and weight. The main problem in transformerless PV systems is the common mode voltage variations that can generate leakage ground currents (LGC) through the parasitic capacitance formed between the PV panels and ground. These LGC are...
This paper presents a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for single-stage single-phase inverters. The proposed MPPT provides a solution to the issue of tracking maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) module without measuring the PV current. This is of practical interest as the method permits the elimination of the PV current sensor, thus making a more economically attractive implementation...
Photovoltaic modules have a single operating point where the output of the voltage and current results in the maximum power output. In most photovoltaic power systems, a particular control algorithm, namely, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is utilized to take full advantage of the available solar energy. The operation of maximum power point tracking is to adjust the power interfaces so that the...
In this paper we present some guidelines for the design of single-chip RFID sensors, focusing in the powering aspects of these wireless systems. The methodology and key aspects for the optimization of the powering coil and the integrated inductor based on finite element analysis simulations and lumped-element models, correspondingly, is described. Simulation results are shown for an example of design,...
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