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150G 8QAM and 200G 16QAM signals, residing on a layer-2/3 modular switch card with integrated coherent optics, are sent over a fully-loaded, flexible-grid open line system with 104 co-propagating 37.5 GHz channels.
We discuss the key metrics of analog coherent interfaces for today's 200G 16QAM and future 400–600G 64QAM pluggable systems. A cloud service provider perspective on next generation DCI requirements is also discussed.
Arista, Cisco, and Juniper's layer-2/3 modular switches with integrated coherent optics are interoperated over 2000 km at 150G 8QAM and 1000 km at 200G 16QAM on Microsoft's open line system.
We demonstrate a 4-Tb/s metro-DCI system with commercial QSFP28 modules (40×100G dual-wavelength 56-Gb/s PAM4). We detail system performance over 80km and quantify tolerance to chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity over a wide range of fiber types.
Nyquist PM-QPSK signals are sent over 4000 km of fiber through an open line system employing colorless flex-grid ROADMs. The signal source is a layer 2/3 modular switch with embedded coherent ASICs and CFP2-ACO optics.
To keep pace with the tremendous bandwidth growth in cloud networking, web-scale providers, such as Microsoft, have been quick to adopt elastic features of modern optical networks. In particular, colorless flexible-grid reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers, bandwidth-variable transceivers, and the ability to choose a variety of optical source types are integral for cloud network operators...
The combination of a spectral weighting metric and a colored-to-white noise weighting factor incorporates crosstalk into the Gaussian noise model providing a performance prediction tool requiring no direct measurement of crosstalk impact on system sensitivity.
Tolerance to cascaded WSS filtering is studied for QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM formats operating at 32 GBaud. Channel spacing, WSS filter shape, and DSP parameters are considered, and recommendations are made for performance optimization using methods which are practically implementable in modern hardware.
We extend crosstalk weighting metric to the nonlinear region and combined with Gaussian noise model for system analysis and performance predictions. Nonlinear parametric interaction between crosstalk and signal is analyzed by simulation and experiment.
120 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission through ROADM systems utilizing either Broadcast-and-Select or Route-and-Select architectures is compared experimentally. Performance comparisons include passband narrowing and cumulative crosstalk effects due to non-ideal WSS filtering characteristics.
We quantify performance of 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK WDM systems using TrueWave REACH, AllWave, and Ultra-Large Area fibers. Experimental results identify linear and nonlinear transport regimes and yield margin and OSNR penalties against to FEC BER limits.
The impact of fiber nonlinearity on the crosstalk-induced OSNR penalties is experimentally analyzed for a hybrid 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK transmission system. Both experimental and simulation results reveal an enhanced crosstalk effect in the nonlinear transport regime.
100G DP-QPSK transmission can use programmable SD-FEC to trade-off latency against coding gain. Albeit inferior to 10G ultra-low latency implementations, such a solution can approach state-of-the art 10G G.709 FEC transmission in latency and performance while offering a 10x capacity increase.
In-band crosstalk induced impairments are experimentally analyzed for a 112-Gb/s PDM-QPSK transmission system. We identify a nonlinearity-enhanced crosstalk effect in the nonlinear transport regime that induces additional OSNR penalties.
We demonstrate optical and electrical filter requirements that enable tight (<50GHz) channel spacing for 32 Gbaud PDM-QPSK with all-EDFA loop transmission. Performance in both linear and nonlinear regimes is quantified for 37.5 GHz spacing (3.4 b/s/Hz).
Penalties from in-band crosstalk for 112 Gb/s PolMux-QPSK systems are shown to be readily determined by use of a spectrally weighted crosstalk. Experimental results demonstrate that the method is robust for linear and nonlinear regimes.
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