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We present results of the first field trial ever to include a component of MDM. The demonstrated scenarios all confirm the possibility for a partial upgrade of legacy systems to few-mode technology.
We review the capacity records achieved using mode-division multiplexing in few-mode fiber and hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. Currently the MDM-capacity record for both fiber types is 73.7 Tb/s, whereas per wavelength 960 Gb/s is achieved.
We demonstrate successful 3-mode-division-multiplexed × 192-Gb/s dual-polarization 8QAM (total 576 Gb/s) transmission over 480 km of few-mode fiber (FMF). This distance was obtained using an all few-mode re-circulating loop containing a 60 km FMF span.
We review our recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, modeling and splicing of wide transmission bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fibers and discuss their modal properties and potential for data transmission.
Channel state information (CSI) of transmission systems is important for mode dependent loss (MDL) estimation. Using the heuristic minimum mean square error method, we show MDL estimation within 0.3dB with respect to the least-squares method.
Photonic bandgap fibers (PBGF) potentially offer a very substantial increase of capacity per fiber over solid core fibers. We review transmission experiments using PBGF and their viability for next-generation transmissions systems.
We review our progress in developing, characterizing and handling hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers with improved transmission properties, targeted at high-capacity, low-latency data transmission in the current telecoms window and at the potentially lower-loss 2µm wavelengths.
We develop the analytical OSNR formulation to predict Q-factor improvement with nonlinear compensation. Fiber with Aeff of around 130 µm2 is found to be optimum for transpacific submarine digital coherent systems upgraded with nonlinear compensation.
We look at multi-mode fiber as potential means to upgrade capacity of optical transmission systems compared to current single-mode technology by employing multiple modes as transmission lanes as well as using higher-order modulation formats.
We review the latest developments and challenges in the field of digital signal processing for state of the art and future optical coherent communications for 400Gb/s and beyond.
We show transmission of a 3×112-Gb/s DP-QPSK mode-division-multiplexed signal up to 80km, with and without multi-mode EDFA, using blind 6x6 MIMO digital signal processing. We show that the OSNR-penalty induced by mode-mixing in the multi-mode EDFA is negligible.
We compare the transmission performance of 112-Gb/s POLMUX-QPSK modulation over large-Aeff Pure-Silica core fiber and SSMF using EDFA-only amplification. The higher nonlinear threshold of the large-Aeff fiber allows for a 40% improvement in transmission distance.
The nonlinear tolerance of 42.8-Gb/s DPSK is investigated with co-propagating OFDM neighbors. It is found that the XPM that is generated by co-propagating OFDM neighbors is significantly stronger than DPSK and furthermore dependent on the spectral width of the OFDM signal.
We compare the nonlinear tolerance of 111-Gb/s POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK modulation for dispersion managed and unmanaged transmission systems on SSMF. It is shown that unmanaged transmission reduces XPM penalties and therefore allows for the highest nonlinear tolerance.
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