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TCP or Transmission Control Protocol represents one of the prevailing “languages” of the Internet Protocol Suite, complementing the Internet Protocol (IP), and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliability to data transferring in all end-to-end data stream services on the internet. This protocol is utilized by major internet applications such as the e-mail,...
Society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently evolving Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) as a development of the standard of LTE. This generation aims to produce specifications for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency and greater spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description...
Major challenge for TCP is to keep up the new and modern generation in communications networks such as networks with large bandwidth and long delay because when TCP applies on next generation networks will suffer from degradation in performance. The reason behind this shortcoming in performance is due to the congestion control mechanisms supported by TCP variants where these mechanisms depending on...
TCP performance over high bandwidth network still represents the major challenge, since the large numbers of data flows through bottleneck, TCP forces a high packet loss rate and that causing delays that users are likely to notice. Congestion window (cwnd) is maintained, which indicates the number of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) segments that the existing connection is capable of holding safely...
Recently, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the result of ongoing work by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) toward Fourth Generation (4G) systems. LTE will be used for mobile, fixed and portable wireless broadband access, and will offer several benefits to operators, aimed at increasing capacity, reducing network complexity and thus lowering deployment and operational costs. It will enable...
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and it's represent the competitiveness of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) for the next 10 years and beyond. The concepts for LTE systems have been introduced in 3GPP release 8, with objective of high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access...
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