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Preterm labor is the second leading cause of neonatal mortality and leads to a myriad of complications like delayed development and cerebral palsy. Currently, there is no way to accurately predict preterm labor, making its prevention and treatment virtually impossible. While there are some at-risk patients, over half of all preterm births do not fall into any high-risk category. This study seeks to...
Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is well characterized for the peripheral nervous system; however, translation to the central nervous system (CNS) presents a new set of challenges which require us to consider different anatomy, multiple cell types, and the physiology associated with structures in the CNS. This study presents our first attempt to translate INS to in vivo stimulation of the CNS and...
Raman spectroscopy has the ability to provide differential diagnosis of different cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. A major limitation in its clinical application is the weak nature of Raman signal, which inhibits scanning large surface areas of tissues. In bladder cancer diagnosis, fluorescence-guided endoscopy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has gained interest as a technique that...
While determinants independent of bone mass have been identified for bone strength and toughness, little is known about genetic regulation of these factors, referred to collectively as bone quality. In the present work, using a mouse model, we investigated whether the deletion of the gene coding for matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) could affect the structural, compositional, and biomechanical properties...
The traditional method of stimulating neural activity has been based on electrical methods and remains the gold standard to date despite inherent limitations. We have developed a new paradigm - transient optical neural stimulation (TONS) to in vivo neural activation based on pulsed infrared light, which provides a contact-free, spatially selective, artifact-free method without incurring tissue damage...
It is estimated that approximately 17,000 malignant brain tumors are diagnosed in adults and 1,500 in children every year in the United States. Although primary brain tumors account for only 1.4% of all cancers, the 5-year survival rate of these patients (35%) is low. The most common initial therapy received by brain tumor patients is surgical resection. Many studies have shown that the degree of...
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