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Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a useful apparatus for measuring interaction forces between an AFM tip and samples at nanoscale. These forces can be classified into a normal force and a lateral force based on the deformation of AFM cantilever. The reliability of the measurement result is influenced by calibrating the spring constant of the AFM probe directly. However, it is still a challenge to quantitative...
Specific molecular recognition between antibody and receptor on cell membrane plays a central role in biological research. As a main component in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) mediates the classical biological actions of angiotensin II (Ang II). In this study, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize and quantify binding interaction between...
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanolithography is one of the commonly used techniques to fabricate graphene devices on different substrates. However, the patterned graphene varies with different substrate materials. We demonstrate, both experimentally and theoretically, that the required force to pattern graphene and the trench morphology is highly dependent on the substrate hardness and the...
Automated grasping for a wide range of objects is challenging yet highly demanded for different applications. The technology for automated grasping a single object is mature, but some conventional gripping modules operation for grasping objects with different dimensions via tele-operation is ineffective and infeasible in some circumstances like high altitude or hazardous environment. To tackle these...
This paper presents a quantitative study of the patterning of graphene nanoplates using Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanolithography. Nanoscale trenches with controllable width and depth are created on graphene nanoplates by employing force-controlled nanomechanical cutting and voltage-controlled local anodic oxidation (LAO) technique, respectively. During the cutting process, the effect of...
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for nano-size imaging. The advantage of AFM is that it can get extraordinary high resolution image at atom level. However, AFM obtains the sample topography image through scanning on the top of sample line by line, therefore it takes couples minutes to get an image and this negative point makes it difficult to continuously observe surface change during...
Electrophysiology and elastrography provide significant information in biological and biomedical studies. Conventional atomic force microscopes (AFMs) have been used for the mechanical characterization of living cells, but they lack the capability to measure the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. In this work, a novel nano robot end effector has been developed to perform multidimensional...
We report a strong electron-photon interaction in exfoliated graphene observed at room temperature. Graphene has great potential to optoelectronic applications because of its excellent optical properties. Here, we demonstrate using the graphene-based structure for infrared detection under a zero-bias operation. When infrared light is projected to graphene, the graphene is capable to generate photocurrents...
Ion channel is the regulatory mechanism for electrical activity in pancreatic islet cells through stimulus-secretion coupling. Changes in membrane potential are regulated by the glucose concentration-dependent ion channel activities. The alteration of glucose concentration is linked to the open probability of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by insulin secretion. At the meantime, the change of glucose concentration...
Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multi-cellular organisms. The apoptosis process of animal cells is characterized by a series of changes on the cell body such as loss of membrane symmetry, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis is of great importance as a cellular process, whereas the malfunction of which would lead to a variety of disease...
Cell tensegrity model has been widely accepted as a qualitative and recently quantitative method to describe the cellular mechanics. It is based on the fact the cell body is an inhomogeneous cytoskeleton based structure bounded by a soft membrane. Cell establishes force balance under certain structural arrangement through its focal adhesions and intercellular adhesions, under which the prestress is...
Researchers have been looking for novel materials to improve the performance of photonic devices. Graphene has great potential to optoelectronic applications because of its excellent optical properties. Here, we demonstrate using the graphene-based photodetectors for infrared detection under a zero-bias operation. We have demonstrated to use an electric-field-assisted method to manipulate graphene...
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) based nanorobotics has been applied for building nano devices for almost a decade. It also offers the prospect for analyzing, handling and manipulating biological objects at nanometer scale. AFM itself is a high resolution imaging tool with unique advantages over others to work in liquid where physiological conditions can be maintained for biological samples. Visualization...
This paper presents a new and reliable approach for in-situ imaging and manipulation of membrane protein molecules. The major problematic issue in medicine is the lack of fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause major life-threatening and incurable diseases. The development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) opens an entirely new way to address these medical questions. A biocompatible...
We report the use of Atomic Force Microcopy (AFM) in combination with Fluorescence Microscopy (FM) for the investigation of non-Hodgkin's type B cells lymphoma after antibody treatment. Rituximab is used in the treatment this cancer type. It is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the protein Cluster of Differentiation 20 (CD20), which is expressed on mature B cells, including the B cell...
This paper presents a novel automated manufacturing process for mass producing nano devices with superior and advanced material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs are found to be a promising material for nanoelectronics due to their sizes and unique properties. Conventional electronic devices replaced by CNT are possibly to be miniature and provide better performance, and therefore, people have focused...
In this paper, a new mathematical model describing precisely the rotation/orientation of carbon nanotubes in viscous medium (acetone) is presented. This new mathematical model correctly assumes that carbon nanotubes form a line shape after undergoing AC dielectrophoretic force (DEP) compare to existing model that assumes carbon nanotubes to be a spherical particle. The new mathematical model is based...
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