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This self-contained and fully autonomous converter features an input power range spanning from 5μW up to 10mW while consuming very little power. A comparison with state-of-the-art publications is shown. The method used for MPPT is generic for energy source with one global maximum on their power curves. It is thus possible to use it with TEG and RF harvesters provided their output voltages fall within...
Energy efficiency of electronic systems has emerged as one of the most important trends in integrated circuits research in recent years. The results of this continued effort are visible in all kinds of electronic functions: DSPs (reaching the 10μW/MMAC according Gene's law), data converters (the FOM of recent ADCs is approaching 15fJ/conversion step [1] (Liu et al., 2010)), power converters (reaching...
Recent advances in ultra-low-power circuits and energy harvesters are making self-powered body sensor nodes a reality. Power optimization at the system and application level is crucial in achieving ultra-low-power consumption for the entire system. This paper reviews system-level power optimization techniques, and illustrates their impact on the case of autonomous wireless EMG monitoring. The resulting...
More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, vibration and electromagnetic radiation energy harvesting has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC–DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy harvesters. This paper summarizes recent energy harvesting results and their power...
Recent years have seen a strong focus of the IC research community towards increasing the energy efficiency of electronic systems. This continued effort has involved all kinds of electronic functions: DSPs (reaching the 10 muW/MMAC according Gene's law), data converters (the FOM of recent ADCs is better than 50fJ/conversion), radios (reaching the level of 3nJ per received-transmitted bit). Exploiting...
The low power consumption of silicon-based electronics combined with the significant power densities of modern primary or rechargeable batteries has enabled a broad variety of battery-powered handheld, wearable and even implantable devices. All these devices need a compact, low-cost and lightweight energy source, which enables the desired portability and achieves a certain level of energy autonomy...
Vibration energy harvesters are an attractive option for powering low consumption wireless applications. Piezoelectric inertial devices based on a resonant behaviour are adapted to this type of applications for frequencies of the mechanical input in the range of hundreds of Hertz. However, in the case of human body applications, frequencies of a few Hertz are observed. For this reason, we developed...
This paper discusses the necessity and ways of replacing batteries in BSNs and other wearable devices with energy scavengers. The stresses are made on thermoelectric energy converters of human body heat into electrical power and on rules of their designing. The reasons for and possible ways of hybridizing wearable thermoelectric converters with photovoltaic cells are discussed, too. The examples of...
Energy harvesters power energy-autonomous wireless sensor systems by converting ambient environmental energy into electrical energy. Thermoelectric generators (TEG's) are a suitable compact power supply for both on-the-body and industrial sensors. Due to changing conditions, the generated power and voltage vary. Therefore a power management circuit (PMC) has to store the generated energy in a rechargeable...
In this work, we discuss why classical thermoelectric theory is not enough to design an optimized energy harvester. Then, the general conditions are defined, which are required to make a thermoelectric converter effective in such application. The necessity of the work has been prompted by the fact that while modeling the harvesters neither the constant temperature difference, nor the heat flow cannot...
More than a decade of research in the field of thermal, motion, and vibrational energy scavenging has yielded increasing power output and smaller embodiments. Power management circuits for rectification and DC-DC conversion are becoming able to efficiently convert the power from these energy scavengers. This paper summarizes recent energy scavenging results and their power management circuits.
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