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Future developments of end corona protection (ECP) systems require calculation of the electrical field strength along the insulating surface and the temperature profile with satisfactory accuracy. This report presents an approach for the exact calculation of relevant physical parameters for a typical ECP configuration based on the finite element method, this approach accounting for the large electrical...
A multilevel back-end-of-line structure with a dielectric constant κ ≤ 2.4 ultra low-κ materials was developed. κ=2.2 ULK build was demonstrated at a 144nm wiring pitch and a κ=2.4 ULK was demonstrated at a 288nm pitch. Good model-to-hardware correlation for the measured capacitance indicated no significant plasma damage to the ULK 2.2 material. The extracted copper resistivity was consistent with...
DI materials were quenched at the temperature of 250°C, 300°C, 350°C and with the isothermal time of 1h, 2h and 3h respectively. So there were nine different ADI materials, which owned different mechanical properties. Through analyzing the changes of their metallographic structures, curves of the relationships between quenching temperatures, isothermal time and materials intensity, hardness could...
An arsenic-hyperaccumulater, Pteris vittata, has been considered as an environmental friendly-method to clean up arsenic-contaminated water. Although P. vittata accumulates high amount of arsenic up to approximately 2% of its dry-weight, the influence of senescence and As accumulation on each other, especially the extent the fern accumulates arsenic without cell death is not clearly understood. XSAM...
In order to protect electronic components on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) against electromagnetic radiation/wave, a shielding in the form of an electrically conductive shield-can or box is normally attached on the PCB covering the electronic components. The attached shield-can could provide an additional mechanical strength and minimize the out-of-plane deformation especially where the electronic...
Models for crack initiation and propagation in leadfree solders under shock-impact events have been developed using extended finite element method (XFEM). XFEM enables the modeling the solder interconnect without explicitly meshing the crack surface. The crack propagated in crack domain along the solution dependent path with no requirement of re-meshing the model. Interface damage properties of the...
Indoor formaldehyde(HCHO) pollution is harmful to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indoor HCHO situation in residential apartments in Beijing and observe the character of the concentrations. According to Indoor air quality standard (GB/T 18883-2002), HCHO concentrations in decorated apartments were investigated during 2005-2007. All data were to be statistical with SPSS...
The study investigates the effects of developing students' argumentation skills in traditional classroom learning context and on-line learning environment in two classes comprising 21- to 23-year-old university students in China. The results tentatively indicate that the short term study intervention helped students to promote their argumentation skills in both learning environments. But different...
With gradual adoption of “multimedia” technologies on the curriculum designs in modern education, there are increasing needs for in-depth studies thoroughly exploring how different types of multimedia materials affecting learner's emotion and their learning performance. By the introduction of technological advancement on human physiological signals recognizing emotional variances, reliable emotion...
QCM(Quartz Crystal Microbalance) is a piezoelectricity sensor with nanogram precision. However twice measurements of no-load and a load are necessary in the tradition, which will result in frequency errors when environments(such as temperature and humidity) changes. This paper affords a new design of double-core QCM for solving the time-delay problem in the QCM traditional measuring method. Reference...
Satellite hyperspectral imagery has been widely used in geological and agricultural studies. However, its use for an urban environment is limited due to low spatial resolution. Few methods in the literature attempt to use both spectral and spatial information in hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, a new method of performing spectral correlation and detecting urban signatures by analyzing discrete...
Assessment is an important component of learning and it also noted that many academic examination make heavy used of short answers. This assessment can be a tedious task. However, there are not many computer-based assessment tools due to limitations in computerized marking technology. Our research attempts to address this limitation by introducing a technique to evaluate short free text answer. It...
According to the High-temperature creep experience data, using different Unreliability Calculations and least-squares linear regression to get the parameters of Weibull distribution. And then the experience data which fit to the Weibull Distribution, Normal Distribution and Lognornal Distribution should be compared with each other by the same method. At last, the advice of the methods is proposed...
Mexicali's air presents high pollution mainly by breathable particulate matter (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO), although others like fine particle matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) show important levels. It has seen that respiratory diseases of exposed populations are aggravated. To know for instance how those pollutants impact the acute respiratory infections...
In the material research we often investigate the mass transport phenomenon. As is known the mass in metals are transferred by diffusion movement. Most of the physical and chemical process is related with the diffusion phenomenon. It is the most important subject for the material science which we call it diffusion theory. Now we usually adopt the experimental method to research the diffusion in the...
The results of experimental researches of radiation resistance of element base of 0.35 μm CMOS integrated circuits at influence of gamma-irradiation Co60 are submitted.
Feature extraction is an important component of a pattern recognition system. A well-defined feature extraction algorithm makes the identification process more effective and efficient. Several techniques exist for the quality checking of wooden materials. However, image based quality checking of wooden materials still remains a challenging task. Although trivial quality checking methods are available,...
The quality of peucedanum has an important influence on its efficacy. The UV-Vis two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy based on pH perturbation was designed to identify the peucedanum quality (wild or planting, flowered or no flowered). Peucedanum water extracts were mixed with Britton-Robison buffer (pH 3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9), and its UV-visible spectra was recorded. The raw spectra were preprocessed...
This study developed and tested a model of the influence of entrepreneurial creativity, work experiences, customer and competitor's information, and scientific information on product and process innovations. The model was tested on 497 usable responses from mail survey data from a sample of small manufacturing Slovenian firms. The structural relationships in the model were estimated using the EQS...
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