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This paper proposes a new approach in order to use the tunnel current as a position sensor at nanoscale. It is shown that electron tunneling commonly used in Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) can be used to control the motion of a Nano Electromechanical System (NEMS) with an accuracy of 1.10−12m/√Hz, at ambient temperature, and using only one electrostatic actuator. The designed control strategy...
In this paper we provide some analytical performance bounds for different distributed estimation schemes for stochastic discrete time linear systems where the communication between the sensors and the estimation center is subject to random packet loss. In particular, we analyze three different strategies. The first, named measurement fusion (MF) optimally fuses the raw measurements received so far...
A 0.1–6 GHz fully differential common gate low noise amplifier (CGLNA) is proposed in this paper. High equivalent transconductance (gm) is realized with active transconductance-boosting with cross coupling capacitance. By introducing a positive feedback path in active transconductance-boosting circuit, this circuit increases freedom of transconductance, thus alleviates the trade-off between input...
Phased Array Doppler Sonars (PADS) have been developed at Scripps over the past 20 years. These provide sector-scan images of radial velocity and acoustic intensity over ranges of 0.1 m (medical ultra sound) to 1.5 km (ocean surface wave measurement). Most recently we’ve deployed a 200 kHz PADS from the R/V Revelle during EquatorMix (October 2012, at 140W on the Equator). The pie-shaped measurement...
In this paper, a low pass conditioning filter in the dq synchronous reference frame that removes noise and oscillation from the control signals of the DFIG controllers is proposed. The cutoff frequency of the conditioning filter is based on the power transfer matrix of the DFIG system. The power transfer matrix elegantly linearizes the DFIG's state space matrices using small signal approximation....
A high-dynamic-range (DR) CT ΔΣ modulator is required to relax the analog front-end filter design for wireless communication applications. To achieve high resolution (DR>90dB) and low power dissipation (FoMs>170dB), architecture selection and circuit techniques are the main design issues. In [1], a CT ΔΣ modulator embedded with a 2nd-order active filter and VGA is reported to extend the DR....
High-performance op-amps in a switched-capacitor pipelined ADC consume high power to meet accuracy and speed requirements. This is aggravated by the decrease in intrinsic transistor gain and voltage headroom in nanoscale CMOS. Developments in pipelined ADCs have taken many unique directions to address these issues. Digital calibration of nonlinearity has enabled the use of low-performance op-amps...
Taking advantage of information and communication technologies, the power industry is moving towards the next generation power grid, the smart grid. This information-based power grid is expected to change the way electricity is generated, distributed, and transmitted to the consumers by enhancing the reliability, efficiency, sustainability, and economics of the grid. However, due to the high volume...
A cascade of ROADMs in direct-detection multi-band (MB) OFDM metro networks employing virtual carriers is analyzed numerically. Results indicate that, for a 3-band MB-OFDM network with 40 km-spans, 26 ROADMs can be traversed with BER<10−3.
Proper transmission of high speed signal requires sufficiently high bandwidth of the medium. The reference planes play a vital role in achieving distortion-free signal propagation. In this paper a BGA package design exhibiting resonance conditions in insertion loss is analyzed. Analysis led to ground path issues caused by return current density congestions. Improvement in ground return path layout...
Low Noise Amplifier is the Front End Block of Radio-Frequency Receiver System. Various characteristics are Gain, Noise Figure, Insertion Losses and Power Dissipation is required in its designing. In this Paper we have surveyed almost all the Possible Work Done in Low Noise Amplifier in Past Decades. Here we will Study about Varying Range of Noise Figure, Gain, Power Consumption and Different Methodologies...
In order to determine position, GPS receiver needs to know navigation message which is obtained by demodulating received signal. Demodulating process requires the local harmonic signal and received signal must have pretty good phase alignment. So the phase locked loop is employed to track phase of received signal. This paper implements the phase locked loop to track the GPS signal. Basic principle...
Comodulation masking release (CMR) is the effect of enhanced signal detection in the presence of maskers with coherent temporal fluctuations of frequency components. To gain insight into the physiological mechanism of CMR, this study employs a computational model of the auditory nerve to simulate neural responses using a band-widening paradigm at 2 kHz. Signal detection theory was used to relate the...
As the chip performance improved, low jitter PLL is getting more attention. The migration of process requires more stability of PLL among different processes. In this paper, by depressing the non-ideality of charge-pump and setting the two-stage control voltage of VCO, the noise performance of PLL is improved. The self-adaptive bandwidth technology is used to decrease the dependency between process...
A method for evaluating the performance of photonic downconversion links was advanced from a theoretical and simulation stand-point. Digital post-processing linearization was investigated for a practical link with simple inputs, but will be extended to include wider bandwidth signals.
The accurate estimation of ultrasonic Time-Of-Flight (TOF) is essential in ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT). In this paper, a new method for TOF estimation through envelope is proposed. Firstly, the Hilbert transform (HT) is used in ultrasonic signal processing in order to extract the envelope of the echo and to reduce the computational burden. Then, the wavelet denoising technique is applied...
This paper describes the design of an indirect current feedback Instrumentation Amplifier (IA). Transistor sizing plays a major role in achieving the desired gain, the Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) and the bandwidth of the Instrumentation Amplifier. A gm/ID based design methodology is employed to design the functional blocks of the IA. It links the design variables of each functional block to...
We propose a cross-layer sensor network architecture to convert measurements acquired by a population of sampling devices, into synchronous sensor array measurements, using a network synchronization protocol that is inspired by the dynamics of pulse coupled oscillators (PCO). We study the specific application of these sensors in the distribution section of the Smart Grid as low cost Phasor Measurement...
An adaptive circuit is proposed to adjust CDR loop bandwidth based on different jitter spectral profile for better jitter performance. The preventional lock detector (PLD) is employed to achieve better jitter suppression ability without jitter tolerance (JTOL) degradation. The proposed circuit enhances the jitter suppression by 14.14 dB at an 8-MHz sinusoidal jitter source. This adaptive block is...
Here, we report on design and measurement results of a state of the art low-noise and high-gain transimpedance amplifier (TIA) implemented in 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology. In depth design methodology for design of high gain and low noise TIA for 2.5 Gb/s optical communication family is presented. A novel noiseless capacitive feedback is proposed and implemented as a noise efficient feedback for TIA...
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