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This paper presents a depth analysis of advanced Lithium Polymer Batteries, which have applications in electrical vehicles (EV). These batteries will enable the EV to have range more than 200 miles per charge, because of their very high energy density. The chemical reactions, battery characteristics, fast chargeability, capacities, self discharge, effect of temperature, and life cycle are studied...
Homecare robots are getting more reliable and less expensive than traditional nanny. However, the cruising period is conspicuously restrained by the heavy weight and the discharge instability of the existed battery structure. Generally speaking, the state of discharge (SOD) of lithium cells can be satisfied by the series-connected cells with gas-gauge if the discharge current is small enough. The...
This paper determines if Li/CFx or LiFePO4 is beneficial for State of Charge Indicator (SOCI) design for military applications. This is achieved by analyzing and comparing data from the battery chemistry of Lithium Poly-Carbon Monoflouride (Li/CFx) and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4). The chemistry of Li/CFx and LiFePO4 have different discharge responses based on environmental conditions that can...
Battery models capture the characteristics of real-life batteries, and can be used to predict their behavior under various operating conditions. In this paper, a dynamic model of lithium-ion battery has been developed with MATLAB/Simulinkreg in order to investigate the output characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. Dynamic simulations are carried out, including the observation of the changes in...
Modeling the dynamic characteristics of the battery pack for EV during charge and discharge is an important aspect in the modeling for the battery pack. The dynamic characteristics of the Li-ion battery pack's loaded voltage were analyzed by means of pulsed-charging and pulsed-discharging the battery pack. A mathematic model was produced to describe variation process of the battery pack's loaded voltage...
As compared with parallel converters employing buck converters or boost converters, the analysis of multiple-input parallel switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters is not sufficient. In this paper, a multiple-input parallel DC-DC converter designed by using SC techniques is proposed for mobile back-lighting applications, and handy theoretical formulas are given concerning the power efficiency and...
Recycling efficiency requirements increase from economic and legislative pressure and the current pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling processes are a technical misfit with cobalt-limited chemistries. New technology is required to economically recycle them. This work describes results for low cost, environmentally friendly recycling of LiFePO4 (LFP) from lithium-iron phosphate lithium-ion...
The state of charge (SOC) estimation algorithm uses the model parameter, which includes capacity, open circuit voltage (OCV), resistance and capacitance. These model parameter values are subject to be changed at varying temperatures. In order to estimate SOC for temperature variation, it is indispensable to include the temperature effect on battery's performance. In this paper, the state of charge...
The formation process is presently used in the manufacture of secondary batteries such as a lithium battery. Therefore, charging and discharging processes for lithium battery are essential for the formation process. In case that the nominal capacity is 2,600 mAh and lithium battery is charged/discharged at 0.5 C, the lithium battery charge/discharge system takes very long time over two hours for charging...
This paper aims to explore the optimal Li-ion battery charging frequency by using AC impedance technique. The experiment proves that the optimal charging frequency is the point of the minimum AC impedance. In such a situation of the battery charged by the optimal charging frequency, the charging time and charging efficiency are improved above 30.68% and 30.6%.
In this study, porous carbon aerogels are prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde catalyzed by sodium carbonate followed by carbonization of the resultant aerogels in an inert atmosphere. Pore structure of carbon aerogels is adjusted by changing the molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst during gel preparation and also carbonization under Ar and activation under CO2 atmosphere at...
A new methodology of defining the relationship between SOC (state of charge) and OCV (open circuit voltage) relationship of the Li-ion battery pack used on HEVs (hybrid electric vehicles) which is independent of the battery condition was proposed. This methodology could avoid the problems resulting from the defects that the conventional SOC-OCV relationship differs between batteries and different...
Ammonium vanadium bronze NH4V4O10 nanobelts show potential interesting properties for an application as the cathode in lithium-ion batteries with an original discharge capacity of 171.8 mAh/g. Charge-discharge mechanisms of the material was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Results show that the discharge process passes through...
Thin-film solid-state rechargeable batteries are ideal power sources for microsystems applications, where a high level of integration is required. The technology and the steps involving the fabrication of such a battery are discussed in this paper. A DC reactive sputtering technique was used in the thin-films depositions. The battery uses SnO2, Li3PO4 and LiCoO2 materials in the anode, electrolyte...
Nowadays, most transmission and distribution substations are equipped with batteries. These batteries are used as an emergency power supply for critical loads and therefore play a crucial role in substation availability. At present vented lead-acid batteries are deeply entrenched in the market but are big, heavy, and require regular maintenance. These disadvantages inhibit substation development in...
With density functional theory, the globe geometry optimization for both bare Aln (n = 3, 6) clusters and their corresponding clusters with Li atom at different adsorption sites have been performed. The calculated relative energies indicate that in both Al3 and Al6, hollow sites for Li adsorption are slightly more preferable than on-top sites and bridge sites, which are in good agreement with previous...
This paper mainly discusses a distributed battery management system (BMS) that used for hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) and the research on Lithium-ion battery based on the model of PNGV. The BMS presented is composed with the distributed and integrated module, the distributed modules(DM) takes charge of measuring the parameters of voltage and temperature accurately and in time, communicate with the...
With LiOHldrH2O and NH4VO3 as the identical starting materials, several diverse methods were introduced to prepare lithiated vanadium oxides LiV3O8 which are promising as the cathode material for secondary lithium batteries. The crystalline phase were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties of prepared samples were systematically investigated and compared. The maximal...
This paper describes state estimation technique for solar battery charger based on lithium battery. The lithium battery is used for storing solar generated power. The solar battery charger requires solar cell voltage and current, battery voltage and current for controlling solar cell and battery status. Due to the unstable hazardous behavior of the lithium battery, it is required to have double protection...
In order to increment gas mileage and meet CO2 emission targets, automakers have recently started making serious advances towards all-electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). Since the last decade, the main obstacle has remained the same: energy storage. In recent years, lithium batteries have been vastly explored, but have not yet met the energy requirements for PHEVs. The main issues...
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