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This preliminary roadmap is provided for state-of-the-art technologies and trends toward integration of point-of-load converters. This paper encompasses an extended survey of literature ranging from device technologies and magnetic materials to integration technologies and approaches. The paper is organized into three main sections. 1) Device technologies, including the trench NIOSFET, lateral MOSFET...
Up to now, in the development of power electronics systems, the reduction of the initial costs or the increase of the power density have been of primary concern. However, with increasing energy costs also the power conversion efficiency is gaining higher and higher importance. Accordingly, while maintaining high power density, an efficiency as high as possible must be obtained. In this paper the maximum...
The improvement of power conversion efficiency is important for preventing global warming and for protecting global environment. Expecting the direction of future innovations in this field is also important and effective. Macro-trend of innovations in power electronics and power devices are reviewed to derive two laws of innovations in this field. According to these laws, an expectation to future...
This paper presents a detailed description of Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) applied to power converters. Several key aspects related to this methodology are in depth presented and compared with traditional power converter control techniques, such as linear controllers with PWM based modulation methods. The basic concepts, operating principles, control diagrams and results are...
Traditionally, dc-dc converters, dc-ac inverters, and ac-ac matrix converters have been taught and studied separately. The topological and characteristic connections among them have been often overlooked. Also the basic switching elements to construct these conversion circuits have been hidden and often misunderstood. In this paper, we go back to the basics, revisit the traditional power converter...
One future trend will be to meet growth in electric power capacity, replacement of existing power plants using much smaller units of "clean" generation technologies based on renewables and high efficient power conversion systems responsible for precisely controlling the flow of electrical energy from the source up to the loads. Another direction is to reduce the CO2 emission of cars significantly...
Ever increasing demands for the development of compact, lightweight power supplies with more power density, higher efficiency and fast dynamics, often require power conversion through parallel connected converter. In order to realize the parallel module DC-DC converters, a current mode control scheme is essential for current sharing control among the modules. The general analog current mode control...
The need for high-voltage power semiconductor devices in utility applications ranging from isolating faults within a quarter cycle and efficient use of renewal energy resources is rapidly growing. To this end, silicon carbide thyristor power modules were fabricated and characterized electrically. In particular, three SiC thyristors were attached on a common direct bond copper substrate with a copper...
In this paper, junction temperature behavior of Si power MOSFET and SiC diodes when conducting significant current is investigated in detail by experiment and theoretical analysis. The dynamic variation and steady-state values of device junction temperatures when carrying different currents are studied. The results show that the device steady-state junction temperature versus current curve rises sharply...
The blocking voltage rating of an IGBT module have reached up to 6.5 kV, however for true high power application such as traction drives, the current rating has to increase as well. This is mainly achieved by either improving the packing density of semiconductor chips per given module footprint and or improving the current density of the semiconductor chips used in the IGBT module. In this paper we...
Internal transparent collector (ITC) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a new type IGBT. Its structure is quite similar to that of the PT-IGBT, but a very low carrier lifetime control region (LCLCR) is introduced in the collector region near the p-collector/n-buffer junction. In this paper, an analysis model for ITC-IGBT is proposed. The collector current density is given. It is function...
Considering the case of railway-traction applications, this paper proposes an extensive experimental characterization of multi-chip IGB-modules, combining fast-transient short-circuit electrical measurements with infrared thermal mapping under realistic operation-like working-conditions. Then, it presents the development of a comprehensive electro-thermal compact model of the multi-chip assembly,...
The integrated gate commutated thyristors (IGCTs) have the features of high current, high voltage, high reliability, compact structure and low loss. They have been widely used in large power voltage source inverter systems now, and they have extensive application prospect. In the paper, the performance of IGCT and diode is introduced. With the function models of IGCT and diode, the switching property...
Portable electronic devices, such as laptop computers and personal portable electronic devices are battery-powered and need power-electronics converters as an interface between the battery and the load. To ensure a long battery life, it is important that the power-electronic converters operate at high efficiency. The volume available for power electronics is limited which necessitates the use of integration...
I Power integrated circuit based on SiC lateral JFET promises to operate at temperatures beyond 300degC. In this paper, design constraints in selecting the LJFET threshold voltage, the load resistance and the DC power supply voltage to obtain proper gate driver circuit functionality in the temperature range of 25degC~300degC are investigated through extensive experimentation. The study shows that...
In this paper, an overview of recent advances in digital control of low to medium power DC/DC switching converters is presented. Traditionally, such DC/DC converters have been almost exclusively controlled through analog electronics methods. However, with the steadily decreasing cost of integrated circuits, the feasibility of digitally controlled DC/DC switching converters has increased significantly...
Digital peak current (DPC) controlled switching dc-dc converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with four different digital pulse-width modulations are studied in this paper. The control laws by using four modulation methods are derived and compared with buck converter as an example. Their stabilities are also analyzed. Experiment studies are performed to compare the transient performance...
In this paper, a novel digital control solution for isolated DC/DC converters is presented, which induces little additional delay time to the control loop and is easy to implement synchronous rectification (SR) on the secondary side as well. In this digital solution, the compensator (PI regulator) set on the secondary side facilitates the SR implementation, and the digital duty cycle command is transmitted...
In this paper, improved digital peak current (IDPC) controlled boost converter with leading-edge modulation, trailing-edge modulation, leading-triangle modulation, and trailing-triangle modulation is studied. Basing on the control algorithms of IDPC with these four pulse-width modulations, the small-signal models of IDPC controlled boost converter are derived. Small-signal analysis is subsequently...
In this paper, we analyze a simple, yet effective nonlinear digital control approach-gain scheduling of the A/D converter, in PWM converters to achieve system stability and improved dynamic performance. It is shown that a nonlinear gain scheduling could be conveniently realized and implemented, e.g. right after the A/D converter in digital controlled PWM converters. Several simple gain scheduling...
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