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We present and analyze distributed control schemes for frequency regulation in a smart grid. We use energy storage, conventional generators, wind generators and demand response to provide frequency support while having no communication or data sharing between them. All participants observe the system frequency and act independently in a decentralized manner to provide frequency regulation. We also...
A liquefied natural gas facility in the United States is being expanded to allow liquefaction of natural gas and export of liquefied natural gas while keeping intact the existing import facilities. This means adding more loads and steam-based generation to the existing gas turbine generator portfolio. The upgraded system will feature six gas turbine generators and two steam turbine generators in an...
This paper proposes a new method to control the frequency fluctuations of the power system with large scale wind farm (WF) installed by using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection and battery systems. The proposed system is designed to decrease the frequency fluctuations. Simulation analysis is performed on a multi-machine power system model composed of synchronous generators (SGs), squirrel...
This paper presents a method to shed off the least important loads in a microgrid operated at constant frequency under the contingency of inadequate power generation. Different from conventional frequency deviation based load shedding, this paper discusses in detail how to shed off load based on the voltage deviation. The key issue is to differentiate whether the voltage deviation is due to sudden...
In Constant speed constant frequency (CSCF) AC power supply system, generator output constant frequency and constant voltage AC power by connecting engine with constant speed transmission device (CSD). However, CSCF has many disadvantages, such as complex structure, heavy weight, high cost and low energy conversion efficiency. By eliminating CSD in CSCF and taking output voltage and output frequency...
In this paper, we design a controller using H infinity control theory and examine its frequency fluctuation suppressing performance in a small-scale system composed of real machines. The introduction of distributed power sources such as solar power generation and other sources of natural energy into smart power grids has been increasing in recent years. However, given that the amount of power generated...
A control scheme of the voltage ripple suppression for the permanent magnet exciter generator is proposed in this paper. The output voltage of the permanent magnet excitation generator is affected by the field current, load current and the engine speed. The engine speed can be controlled by the engine governor. However, the actual frequency changes at starting and sudden load variation. As a result,...
In this paper, an integrated and modular control design is developed for distributed energy resources (DERs) to stabilize power systems and minimize effects of load variations and intermittent generation. Traditionally, the droop control of each generator (or virtual power plant) works as a local feedback loop to track frequency during load disturbance, whereas automatic generation control (AGC) calculates...
In recent years, environmental problems are being serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Therefore, it can cause frequency fluctuations or voltage fluctuations...
Wind energy have for many years been a growing alternative to fossil energy. The sizes of turbines are increasing to megawatt level. Wind turbines operate in a wide range of wind speeds but are shot down for high wind speeds. Traditional concepts are relatively stiff and have a cause stress on the gearbox. The turbine described in this paper overcomes some of these challenges by having flexibly and...
The energy crisis and environmental concern lead to widely use of renewable energy sources in form of microgrid. The intermittent nature of the microgrid's sources and the altering behaviors of loads result to unstable of the system's voltage and frequency as well as the system reliability. The purpose of this paper is to develop real-time control based decentralizing technique for handling the challenging...
In this paper, we propose a frequency-based autonomous control strategy for an isolated microgrid with the grid-forming energy storage system (ESS) in the South Korean island of Geocha. This strategy uses a system frequency as a global data signal using a grid-forming ESS. The distributed generation (DG) units in the microgrid use the frequency as a control signal without communication because the...
Fractional order control theories have attracted increasing attentions recently due to their better control performance than traditional integer-order controllers, but there are few research works concerning their applications of power systems and power converters. This paper presents a novel binary-coded extremal optimization (BCEO) based fractional-order frequency control method for an islanded...
An increased share of variable speed wind turbines reduces the inertia of the power system due to the decoupling of mechanical rotor frequency and grid frequency. In the recent years, a lot of research has been done about exploitation of the rotating mass of a wind turbine for participation in the primary frequency regulation of the power system. This paper proposes a linearized general variable speed...
In this paper, control and operation of a microgrid having inverter based solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel engine is presented. The microgrid is designed to meet rural applications. In the proposed microgrid, a water pumping system is considered as a dump load for ensuring economic operation of microgrid. Three scenarios i.e fully loaded, partially loaded and lightly loaded are considered to evaluate...
The imbalance between consumption and demand, caused by the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (ReS), increases the need of Ancillary Services (AS) for frequency support (FS). This imbalance is still regulated with the help of conventional generation, by procuring reserves for frequency support. However, as the aim is to increase the share of RES in electricity generation, they would...
Due to the inherently distributed and heterogeneous nature of the microgrids, distributed control can be a promising approach to improving the stability, reliability and scalability of the microgrids compared with centralized control strategies. This work studies the distributed reactive power sharing problem for a microgrid with connected AC inverters. Under the lossless assumption of the microgrid,...
Nowadays, changes in the generation mix highlighted technical issues which was negligible before. One of the main integration problems could be the stability of the power system with high penetration of non-synchronous generation. The emerging technologies are connecting to the grid via power converters which means that these are practically decoupled from the grid parameter changes. This reduction...
In this paper a power system protection scheme based on energy storage system placement against closed-loop dynamic load altering attacks is proposed. The protection design consists in formulating a non-convex optimization problem, subject to a Lyapunov stability constraint and solved using a two-step iterative procedure. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach and the potential...
The increasing exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is progressively displacing large conventional power plants, thus reducing system operating reserves and stability margins. Therefore new resources for ancillary service provision are needed. Very fast and flexible response capabilities make Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) good candidates to this purpose. However, the related cycling...
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