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This paper introduces new functionalities for industrial safety applications using the wireless infrastructure of the IEEE 802.11 standard. The new amendments (n/ac/ad) for the 2.4, 5, and 60-GHz-band support additional high data rate modes, for e.g. video applications and device-to-device (D2D) communication. The huge bandwidth in the 60-GHz-band enables precise localization. However, Listen-Before-Talk...
In this paper we suggest the quantification method which can verify the efficiency of the current test design. The existing coverage measuring method cannot verify if SW safely works, and has a difficulty with a different level of understanding between a test case author and an administrator. It also provides the base to measure the outcome of the executed test. Using the suggested coverage measuring...
Electrical incidents provide a good learning opportunity. If an organization fails to capitalize on this opportunity, the incident could recur. An abundance of literature is available on the investigation process and various investigation techniques. There appears to be limited guidance on determining the effectiveness of the application of the investigation process after the investigation is complete...
Processes constrain developer freedom and impact software development cost. They can increase costs from only a few cents to almost 1000 USD per line of code. But they can also benefit the maintainability, dependability and safety of critical software. If failure risk costs are high, then the application of more expensive processes can actually reduce costs. Therefore it is important to understand...
Cooperative communication in VANET has become the de-facto in enabling technology to improve safety and efficiency on inter-vehicle communication (IVC). The safety related messages broadcast on emergency must have a minimum delay and high reliability. This paper proposes a cross-layer approach to efficiently broadcast the safety messages by minimizing the message redundancy and maintaining low end-to-end...
In this paper, we focus on the design and analysis of channel access in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for event-driven multi-hop safety services. First, a novel channel access scheme that incorporates an application-level distance (timer)-based rebroadcast is designed to enhance the reliability and efficiency of safety message delivery. In the scheme, an effective new approach integrating transmitter-oriented...
In order to accommodate the growing traffic demands from moving users, the next generation heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are considering the deployment of moving small cells (mSCs). mSC is a user-centric network and unlike other fixed small cells such as femto and pico cells, these mSCs use wireless backhaul links. mSC provides network services while on the move. In this paper we propose a novel...
This paper focuses on an approach to develop a robust, reliable, maintainable and proactive process of data collection through relevant indicators. Mainly, it aims to model and optimize the effectiveness of the RAMS data collection process (DCP), under cost constraints, while taking into account the its operating conditions and human factors. It also deals with the data collection system maintenance,...
The areas of interest for the maintenance policy selection process are widely known to be related to the financial aspects, availability concerns. Also, practical criteria are arising such as the applicability of the maintenance policy, quality improvement, and safety requirement, etc. An assessment approach of the different maintenance policies (corrective, systematic or conditional preventive, predictive,...
Safety behavior of construction workers is crucial to safety outcomes, and such behavior can be affected by different ways of risk perception. This research first identifies four main ways of risk perception: risk consequence, risk probability, risk utility, and direct risk perception, and then examines whether they are distinct. Further, the effects of these distinct risk perception ways on workers'...
Overall reliability index is an indicator to manifest the health level of an infrastructure. The introduction of this index can facilitate the maintenance optimization. Railway infrastructure is complex containing a plenty of constituent units and various measurement data. This paper discusses a general approach to combine these various data. A real railway case is presented to demonstrate the development...
To increase the safety of the passengers, modern transport system is transforming into an Intelligent Transport System, adopting several components like Road Site Units (RSU) and Warning Light Devices (WLD). The On-board unit in the vehicle will transmit Basic Safety Messages (BSM) periodically to other vehicles and RSUs to prevent collisions and improve traffic flow. WLDs are embedded into road to...
In vehicular ad hoc network, emergency warning messages exchange could improve vehicle safety. Emergency warning messages should be exchanged with high reliability and low delay. Currently, reliability of emergency warning messages is guaranteed by repeating broadcast. In current research, how many times repeated broadcast per second was not discussed. In this paper, a speed-based broadcast rate model...
Cyber-physical systems are slowly emerging to dominate our world. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems that tightly integrates users, devices and software. Whereas many of these systems are obviously safety-critical systems, some of them become so under special circumstances. This is the case with our focus CPS, i.e. building management systems (BMS), which are not always safety critical per se,...
This paper presents an approach for safety assessment in unmanned aerial system (UAS) operations that uses stochastic fast-time simulation and selected published ground impact fatality/casualty models to calculate fatality risk. The application of simulation allows a sensitivity analysis measuring how different aspects and phases of a UAS operation impact the risk calculations for each of the ground...
Middleware can provide novel and practical approaches for enhancing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) application development processes and operations. This paper discusses the roles and advantages of using middleware to build CPS. In addition, the paper studies the required features needed in such middleware for development and operation of CPS.
In this paper, the characteristics of the kinetic reliability of space four-links mechanism are analyzed and the relationship between the kinetic accuracy and wear clearances in joints is explored, using Advanced First Order and Second Moment (AFOSM) method and Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS). The Archard wear model is applied to analyze the increasing wear clearances in joints; and the function between...
Recently, we must use the various scan test techniques for various purposes, for example, compression scan or LBST for mass-production test, LBIST for field test, legacy scan for fault diagnosis, and so on. Moreover, the number of the available external scan pins is different in each test process, for example, the parallel test process has a low pin count, the assembled chip test process has several...
It is well-known that autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions are a challenging, high-risk robotics application. With many parallels to Mars rovers, AUV missions involve operating a vehicle in an inherently uncertain environment of which our prior knowledge is often sparse or low-resolution. The lack of an accurate prior, coupled with poor situational awareness and potentially significant sensor...
In our age, integrated technical systems as road vehicle brake systems and their reliabilities have become important in engineering. The paper presents an application of LFTSM proposed by Pokoradi to sensitivity of risk estimation of embedded software of a new generation automotive brake system.
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