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Current studies and standards such as the IEEE 1584–2002 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations, NFPA 70E and OSHA standards only focus on arc flash events on 50Hz/60Hz three phase electrical power systems. The single phase AC system and other frequencies such as 400 Hz are not covered in current studies and standards. Since the di/dt (change of current with respect to rime) is different...
Sever weather condition together with other natural catastrophes can danger lives, disable communities, and disrupt electric utilities' generation, transmission and distribution systems. An incident at a high-voltage transmission line may results in more significant cascading failure if appropriate safety measured contingency schemes are not well developed or not achievable by system operators, in...
This Poster present a comprehensive and hierarchical procedure for Arc Flash Study in complex large scale industrial plants with internal generation. All steps of study including Model development, Model validation, arc flash study and result analysis and debugging tips in each stage are discussed in details. In model development the equipment and important parameters which can affect the study are...
❑ Context: DC railway vehicles are subjected to surge transients specific to the traction system environment. ❑ Transient Event Specifications: • Standards. • Transit authorities may specify their own requirements. • Each project requires custom design. ❑ Vehicle Manufacturers Main Task: • Demonstrate during the qualification testing phase the performance of both the equipment and the overall system...
Power grid is a critical infrastructure of the modem society, however it is vulnerable to numerous types of disturbances. With the growth of the load and the high penetration of the renewable energy sources the grid turned out to be more susceptible to power failures, that exposes the environment and public safety to risk. Since synchrophasor technology was introduced, developed, and partly integrated...
The employee did everything right. He locked out/tagged out the motor starter circuit breaker in the Motor Control Center (MCC). He measured the voltage on the target circuit and found zero volts. His job was to replace the control power transformer (CPT) in the starter. He almost had the CPT removed when an arc flash happened. What went wrong? This paper is based on a real accident that occurred...
A case history of how after a company had two or more work place safety policies in use, accidents started to rise and deaths started accumulating, a personal accountability tool we called an individual safety plan was put in place! This paper explains how we implemented human performance and change management in our new Safe Work Practices Program to achieve zero significant injuries or fatalities...
In the past, and currently, general contractors (GC) have been known to push the schedule to a point where a subcontractor (Sub) may overlook or deliberately take short cuts to meet deadlines. Taking a step back and looking at the larger picture, the goal for every project should be to build it safely, efficiently, and with quality, whether you are the GC or a Sub. The question we have to ask ourselves...
While performing a maintenance repair procedure on a 13.8kV switch, an electrical worker omitted several safety steps in the procedure. An accidental contact with the deenergized line, coupled with the omission of these critical safety steps, resulted in the worker discharging the capacitive build-up on the line sustaining a significant electrical shock and putting the worker's heart into fibrillation...
One of the considerations that must be evaluated when performing a facility wide shut down for maintenance is an outline of the utility's scope of work. It is not as simple as coordinating the shutdown date and time but also requires identification of the utility inclusions and exclusions in the scope of work. Without proper identification, it leaves a lot of unknowns during the power restoration...
As industries pursues safer workplaces and implementing electrical safety programs they face major challenges in engaging the worker and how to ensure knowledge retention. Over the past 5 years we have gone on a journey starting with a very small group of electricians focused on creating and delivering training to their peers. In 2015 this had blossomed to 160 electricians across four different areas...
Electrical safety practices are often an afterthought in college curriculum as there is little emphasis on training students to work in an electrically safe manner during their studies. Due to the lack of training and absence of any courses on this topic, students may be more susceptible to electrical injuries as they do not fully recognize the hazards. This paper presents the integration of electrical...
This paper is an overview of the electrical safety situation in Mexico, as seen from the point of view of an electrical engineer who has worked as a consultant with several Mexican and International companies with facilities in Mexico. He has helped many companies to improve their electrical safety, and he has trained hundreds of electricians and safety supervisors. In this paper, Mexican legislation...
Solar panels or modules are becoming popular in residential and some commercial sites for providing either the primary power source or a backup source of electricity. The advantages seem obvious and on the surface they seem to be a safe option. Photovoltaic power systems do have many benefits, but there are also safety issues that come into play with them during their installation, maintenance and...
In the context of the Hierarchy of Risk Controls, Warnings, Administrative Controls and Personal Protective Equipment are sometimes referred to as Lower Order Controls. In practice, the effectiveness of Lower Order Controls can be overestimated due to a misunderstanding of the human factors that affect error likelihood in implementation of Lower Order Controls. This paper will explore one human factor...
It's all about the work task! Is it a reactive or planned electrical work task or job? Has a Work Order been issued? Is the work energized or not and if the assigned work task is energized what does the Qualified Electrical Worker (QEW) have to do to execute it as outlined in an employer's overall Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS) and associated Electrical Safety Program (ESP)...
Incorporation of the risk assessment philosophy of Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, NFPA 70E 2015 into the already proven Integrated Safety Management (ISM) model provides an enhanced, inclusive, and continuous safety process.
The test lab, in association with a major US utility conducted laboratory arc flash testing on various types of cables and cable joints. The objective was to provide the utility with an accurate tool to predict the incident energy levels released by arc faulted underground cables, and thus assist in PPE selection for workers in underground vaults.
As per publicly available information an electrical fault during battery replacement resulted in second and third degree burn injuries to a worker requiring several surgeries and several days of hospitalization. Necessary tools and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the task and protection from its associated risks were not available but the work proceeded as planned and resulted in burn injuries...
Electrical incidents provide a good learning opportunity. If an organization fails to capitalize on this opportunity, the incident could recur. An abundance of literature is available on the investigation process and various investigation techniques. There appears to be limited guidance on determining the effectiveness of the application of the investigation process after the investigation is complete...
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