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Nowadays, the use of a distributed generation (DG) has increased because of the benefits such as increased reliability, reduced losses, and improvement in the line capacity and less environmental pollution. The protection of microgrids, which consists of generation sources, it is one of the most crucial concerns of basic distribution operators. One of the key issues in this field is the protection...
Although MIL-39U16 didn't specified capacitive loads, in practical applications, there are capacitor loads, when Polarized relay contacts switch turn on and turn off there will be some surge current especially polarized relay, it will make the polarized relay or contacts switch arcing erode quickly, even contact fusion welding, which will influence the reliability of polarized relay seriously. A type...
This paper is a summary of a case study of a pulp and paper mill that had greater than 100 solidly grounded substations. In order to reduce the likelihood of an arc flash, they were changes to a high resistance grounded system. This change increased the safety and reliability of the facility as well as reduce arc flash incidences in the low-voltage substations.
The proliferation of wireless communications has lead to a high interest to establish this technology in industrial settings. The main arguments in favor of wireless are reduced costs in deployment and maintenance, as well as increased flexibility. In contrast to home and office environments, industrial settings include mission-critical machine-to-machine applications, demanding stringent requirements...
This paper proposes PBRR and Blowfish algorithms to achieve three factors in one dimensional (1-D) queue network. These factors are network lifetime, increased packet delivery ratio and average residual energy. Network lifetime is defined as amount of time the nodes are awake in the network. Packet delivery ratio is defined as ratio of number of packets received by destination to the number of packets...
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) to support critical monitoring applications is becoming a relevant topic of interest. These networks allow a highly flexible approach to data monitoring and, consequently, a major breakthrough for several application domains, from industrial control applications to large building domotics and health care applications. One of the major impairments of using...
Highly reliable vehicular communication is a key to the future automated driving. CSMA/CA packet relay-assisted schemes can improve reliability of ITS vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications by compensating shadowing loss and fading. However, their performance is affected by hidden terminal (HT) problem. An improved relay-assisted V2V scheme employing a sectorized relay station (RS) was proposed to...
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an important component for advancing the intelligent transportation system (ITS) to improve the traffic safety and enrich driving experience. In VANET safety applications, reliable and rapid dissemination of event-driven emergency messages is of great significance to obtain the traffic safety and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a RBEM/CBEM handshake mechanism...
Inefficient use of spectrum is one of the main drawbacks of cooperative protocols that employ half-duplex relay nodes. In this paper, for a multi-relay cooperative network with decode-and-forward (DF) relaying, we propose a spectrally-efficient protocol based on the cooperative spatial multiplexing (C-SM) technique in conjunction with a combination of incremental and selective relaying schemes. The...
We propose a relay subset selection method for two-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where the source-relay links are modeled as time-varying fading channels. Assuming perfect channel estimation at relays, the channel state is quantized to binary levels, called as Good and Bad states, and is modeled by a Gilbert-Elliott channel. The relays compress their quantized channel state information and transmit...
Recently, many Internet of Things (IoT) or wireless sensor network (WSN) applications adopt ZigBee as their communication protocol. In these applications, messages may need to be disseminated to some specific objects or nodes using multicast transmissions. However, we observe that the original ZigBee multicast protocol causes extremely high packet overhead and energy consumption. In this work, we...
Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a part of an emerging IEEE 802.15.4e standard to enable deterministic low-power mesh networking. It promises to pave the way to the future Internet of (Important) things by offering high reliability and low latency for wireless industrial applications. Nonetheless, the standard only provides a framework but it does not mandate a specific scheduling mechanism...
This paper presents a new and reliable method of bus protection scheme that can be applied to either radially fed or multi-incoming source bus works. The scheme will reliably protect the bus against internal faults and will securely trip the appropriate breaker for external (through) faults. It is immune to the weakness of CT saturation present in conventional differential schemes and will have acceptable...
This paper describes several commonly applied line protection schemes, including distance schemes, directional comparison schemes using distance and directional elements, and line current differential schemes. Using analysis tools like fault trees, power system studies, and event analysis, we evaluate and compare these protection schemes in terms of speed, sensitivity, dependability, security, and...
Process bus, the concept of distributed I/O for protection and control, has long been promoted as more cost-effective than traditional systems. I/O devices can potentially be manufactured as part of primary equipment, effectively eliminating the need for custom copper wiring design, installation, and terminations. A large part of the business case is that the cost of the additional devices (I/O devices...
This paper compares the performance of two schemes that rely on relays to ensure the reliability of the communication in ultra wideband body networks. Dual hop and cooperative diversity architectures are compared and the performance superiority of this latter is assessed with different modulation orders and number of relay nodes.
Optimization of operating time of relay in an interconnected network is essential to reduce damage by reducing fault clearing time and at the same time enhance selectivity of the relay by employing directional feature. The relays connected in network function properly during normal as well as abnormal condition. The prime feature of this paper is to obtain minimum Time Dial Setting (TDS) for the relays...
This paper presents cooperative routing scheme to improve data reliability. The proposed protocol achieves its objectives, however, at the cost of surplus energy consumption. Thus sink mobility is introduced to minimize the energy consumption cost of nodes as it directly collects data from the network nodes at minimized communication distance.
As the failures of traditional remote relay protection are one of the main sources of cascading blackouts, it is critical to design reliable systems to avoid such failures. Although several agent-based methods are proposed on Smart Grid (SG) systems to alleviate the situation by utilizing SG real-time communications, many issues still need to be further investigated. In this paper, we focus on this...
This paper considers correlated, probabilistic competing failures in the reliability analysis of relay-assisted wireless body area networks (WBANs). Particularly failure competitions exist in the time domain between propagated failures of biosensors caused by jamming attacks and local failures (e.g., transmission unit failure) of relay nodes that transit physiological information between biosensors...
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