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Implants provide a means to electronically stimulate biological systems. Such stimulation may be designed to be driven by current or voltage. Although the methods are theoretically equivalent, the selection of which to employ has implications as to hardware design, stimulation strategies, and other practical impacts. We model the impact of voltage-driven stimulation, utilising models for producing...
The study concerns a safety vision system for human-robot collaborative work environments. The vision system is characteristic of having a freedom from structuring the environment by setting passive markings, i.e. neither painting on the floor nor hanging a camera up on a ceiling is necessary. To preserve safety states, we set the passive markings in the original image based upon Shannon information...
The authors investigated effectiveness of a pedestrian-vehicle collision avoidance system that was strictly the compatible with the human-centered automation. The system is designed to perform no avoidance maneuver when the driver does not show his/her intention to avoid a collision. This paper proposes a collision avoidance system that may intervene into control autonomously when the driver fails...
Artificial creatures need an intelligent behavior selection method to be used as an intermediate interface for natural interaction with users. For this purpose, the mechanisms of thought were proposed based on the probability and the degree of consideration. However, they were time-consuming when applying to an intelligent artificial creature with large numbers of wills, contexts and behaviors. Moreover,...
Safety critical systems can suffer severe and even fatal consequences due to aberrant behavior of human operators. Human operators are unique in their decision making capability, judgment and nondeterminism. There is a need for analyzing the interactions among computer systems and human operators where the operators are allowed to deviate from their prescribed behaviors for executing a task. In this...
One of the main issues in human-robot interaction is to control the forces arising from physical interaction. In this work, it is proposed an optimal admittance force controller for safe physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), which is obtained using optimization tools. First, the performance index of the optimization problem is proposed as the weighted sum of the force tracking error and its time...
The aim of this work is to discuss the relation between reliability of structural system and human performance of perception in man-machine system. It is studied to evaluate the effect of performance deterioration on structural safety from the viewpoint of uncertainties of human behavior. The sensitivity on uncertainty on structural safety is discussed by stress-strength model. It is considered that...
The increasing ability of industrial robots to perform complex tasks in collaboration with humans requires more capable ways of communication and interaction. Traditional systems use separate interfaces such as touchscreens or control panels in order to operate the robot, or to communicate its state and prospective actions to the user. Transferring human communication, such as gestures to technical...
The use of cameras is growing: not only personal computers and laptops are standard equipped with a camera, but also the public domain is increasingly equipped with cameras. Today's camera is not merely a pair of eyes. A surveillance camera can see much more than a single person can do. The rapid proliferation of camera technologies makes today's cameras beyond human vision. Although these cameras...
From the fact that human behavior is determined by both miners' intrinsic characteristics and external environment, the factors that may affect human behavior safety in metal underground mining are analyzed. Based on the analysis, countermeasures such as choose eligible miners and optimize environment are proposed, consequently to minimize the adverse effect and maximize the efficiency of miners matching...
Since in the case of natural science inspiration, many advances have been achieved, In this paper with imitation of a basic feature we will discuss about an ability which is to generalize and integrate a wide range of sources of information into a series of simple concepts and heed it as the Composite Concepts. This phenomenon is an action for the decision and reasoning by people in everyday conversation...
In today's global economic integration, the competition of enterprises is the competition of talents. Today is also the era of knowledge economy, the management enterprises is the management of culture and talents. Human resources management (HRM) has a vital role in the development of enterprises. In the HRM of enterprises, enterprise culture should serve as the spirit guidance. Managers should improve...
There is a growing need for robots that can function in close proximity to human beings and also physically interact with them safely. We believe inherent safety is extremely important for robots in human environments. Towards this end, we are exploring the use of inflatable structures for manipulators instead of traditional rigid structures, to improve safety in physical human robot interaction (pHRI)...
Compliance of the reference level (electric field strength) to the basic restriction (whole-body average SAR) was examined when Korean male models at the ages of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 20 years are exposed to a plane wave in the frequency range of 10 MHz–3 GHz. We considered the standing postures with arms up as well as arms down. The WBA SAR values in the human models isolated and grounded were calculated...
Safety is one of the most important requirements in robotic rehabilitation systems. Vulnerable users may get injured or feel pain by a sudden impact, i.e. large assistive torque or fast change in the assistive torque from the rehabilitation systems. In automated rehabilitation systems, the desired torque is determined in real-time based on measurements that represent the patient's status. Abrupt changes...
The highway infrastructure traffic safety performance evaluation is unstable and unreliable based on the traffic accident number or rate directly as well as other non-accident method. The principle of traffic accident spatial distribution along a highway and correlation between highway traffic safety performance and accidents positions for a period of time were researched. An accident aggregation...
In this paper, a methodology to recognize driving risk situations as the solution of a combination of information problem is presented. A collection of simulated sessions in a highly realistic truck simulator were designed and executed. Several internal truck magnitudes and visual information from the driver and the road were collected in each session. Two traffic safety experts were asked to evaluate...
According to situation of ITS application to improve road traffic safety in foreign countries, the necessity to develop ITS in Chinese road safety management is analyzed. On the mechanism analysis of ITS application to promote road traffic safety, ITS technologies were list in three aspects, policy suggestions and promotion strategy were put forward according with national situation to solve issues...
The safety culture must be systematically built taking into account the actual piece of knowledge and experience. The safety management establishing the safety culture has three basic phases: the standard (current) management, emergency management and crisis management. With regard to a present knowledge the optimum safety of the set of infrastructures is not the set of optimum safeties of partial...
Evacuating a building in an emergency situation can be very confusing and dangerous. Exit signs are static and thus have no ability to convey information about congestion or danger between the sign and the actual exit door. Emergency personnel may arrive too late to assist in an evacuation. Robots, however, can be stored inside of buildings and can be used to guide evacuees to the best available exit...
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