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Actuation with variable elasticity is considered a key property for the realization of human-like bipedal locomotion. Also, an intelligent and self-stable mechanical system is indispensable. While much effort of current research has been devoted to the development of variable impedance joint actuators, this paper deals with the important question of how to determine the actuation requirements of a...
In this study, a delay between the start of electromyogram (EMG) signals and the start of actual human motions which is called Electro Mechanical Delay (EMD) is used in order to eliminate a delay such as a mechanical delay and a communication delay in manipulating systems. The man-machine interface to accomplish zero-phase tracking eliminating some delay is proposed in this paper. This interface consists...
Various approaches have been utilized in the overall study of facial expressions. And while the results of such research have been reported, little is known about the actual mechanism of how facial expressions are formed. Ishida et al. studied the facial expression of drowsiness. In their study, they discovered that contraction of the frontal is muscle raises the eyebrows when a person is sleepy....
Focusing on the physical interaction between people and machines within safety constraints in versatile situations, this paper proposes a new, efficient actuation approach, continuous-state coupled elastic actuation (CCEA), to provide oncoming human-machine systems with an intrinsic programmable stiffness capacity to shape output force corresponding to the deviation between human motions and set positions...
For an anthropomorphic arm-hand robot, grasping and in-hand manipulating an object can be realized with numerous approach trajectories and grasping configurations. The redundancy at this level of the tasks is due to a large number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) of the arm-hand system. This redundancy constitutes a big challenge to the planning and control tasks of the robot. For this kind of tasks,...
The study of decomposition of body movement into motor primitives is evolving in neuroscience. Meanwhile, in robotics, the motor control of human-like musculoskeletal robots is difficult due to redundant degrees of freedom (DOF) of the robot body. The application of the concept of decomposing into units of motor function to robotics is anticipated to render the control of the robot low-dimensional...
This paper concerns on the review between the surgical and non-surgical method of active control of a prosthetic hand. For active prosthetic hand, there are two standard methods for signal extraction namely surgical and non-surgical. Active prosthetic hands which are based on Surface Electromyography (sEMG) and Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) are selected for a comparison between non-surgical...
Research on the articles published on world leading technology journal articles in recent three years, this paper analyzes hot issues and difficult problems in the field of world sports science, and concluded a brief overview of its research progress. Four areas of current research findings are focused on: gene and training, skeletal muscle, connective tissue and bone dynamics, muscle stem cells....
In order to study the value-orientation of the physical education and curriculum, the subjectivity physical education curriculum was taken as dominant educational thought. It requires that the physical education and curriculum respect and emphasize the subjectivity of the students; pay attention to the unique experience of the students in the physical activity; help them to gain the qualification...
The present study has investigated effect of 17β-estradiol on Ca2+ channel in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Whole cell Patch-clamp analysis was used to observe the effects of different doses of 17β-estradiol on changes of Ca2+ channel in C2C12 myoblasts. Currents of Ca2+ were recorded in 67% C2C12 myoblasts. Groups of 30 mol · L−1 and 20 mol L−1 increased currents of Ca2+ significiantly (P<0.05). While...
Purposes: constructing prokaryotic vector of Timp3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3). Methords: Total RNA of human placenta tissues were prepared, and the cDNA encoding Timp3 was got via RT-PCR. The gene was constructed into pMD18-T vector using the restriction enzyme of BamHI and XbaI. Results: By agrose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, Timp3 gene was introduced into pMD18-T successly.
CAED (Computer-Aided Ergonomics Design) is a hot spot of the current research. This thesis summarizes two parts of the virtual human: geometry and movement system. First the virtual human model must carry physical characteristics of the human body. At the same time the movement system should support the simulation we need. With two parts, we can achieve realistic motion control and certain extent...
A novel device, which looks like a mug, has been proposed for measuring the impedance of human hand. The device is designed to have convenient size and light weight similar to an ordinary coffee mug. It contains a 2-axis inertia sensor to monitor vibration and a small motor to carry an eccentric mass (m=100gr, r=2cm, rpm=600). The centrifugal force due to the rotating mass applies a dynamic force...
A model for the simulation of motoneuron firing behavior and muscle force during sustained constant-force isometric contractions was developed. It provides a non-linear relationship between the excitation to the motoneuron pool of a muscle and the firing behavior of motor units; it implements muscle mechanical changes induced by fatigue and it comprises a feedback loop to maintain the muscle force...
Sympathetic nerve activity is an important regulator of blood pressure and blood flow in humans. Our understanding about how sympathetic neurons are recruited during baroreflex stress is limited. This paper investigates the sympathetic neural recruitment patterns during the Valsalva maneuver. Using microneurography, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded in seven healthy subjects during baseline...
This paper describes an optimal measurement position estimation by the discriminant analysis based on Wilks' lambda for the myoelectric hand control. In the past studies, the myoelectric signals were measured from the same positions for the motions discrimination. However, the optimal measurement positions of the myoelectric signals for the motion discrimination are different according to the remaining...
Robotic assistance for rehabilitation and enhancement of human locomotion has become a major goal of biomedical engineers in recent years. While significant progress to this end has been made in the fields of neural interfacing and control systems, little has been done to examine the effects of mechanical assistance on the biomechanics of underlying muscle-tendon systems. Here, we model the effects...
Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a surface-based, non-invasive technique of evaluation of muscle health, involving the application of high frequency, low-amplitude current to the skin over a muscle of interest. Results from a previous animal study suggest that the finite element method can relate disease-induced changes in electrical properties of the muscle to alterations in surface impedance...
Though simple in appearance, postural stabilization is a complex neuromuscular task requiring coordination among multiple joints. Mechanisms of postural stability and control in the body include supraspinal processes responsible for anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) and internal model control, lower level motor servo, and passive viscoelasticity of the musculo-tendon complex (MTC). Nevertheless,...
We investigated input (stimulus)-output (response) relations of the corticospinal pathway in the lower limb muscles during passive stepping using a robotic driven gait orthosis. Nine healthy adult subjects passively stepped with 40% body weight unloading (ground stepping) and 100% body weight unloading in the air (air stepping). During passive stepping, the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the lower...
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