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Biomass is a renewable energy source, its use has received great attention due to environmental considerations and the increased need for energy worldwide, is clean and emit low greenhouse gas emissions compared with fossil fuels. The bark of cashew nuts (CCC), waste from the processing of almonds, which is excessively generated in our state and has not been administered correctly, so it is wasting...
This paper presents a methodology to calculate the available transfer capability in AC transmission links considering transient stability constraints. The problem is formulated and solved as an optimal power flow problem, which aims to maximize the active power flow through selected transmission links taking into account steady state and transient stability constraints. This model is formulated in...
In this paper we present a way to calculate the fusion of multi-focus images based on the linear combination of a pair of images taken by a digital camera with different levels of focus. For the linear combination, a linear function with spatial coherence is optimized to maximize the sharpness of the merged image. By the complexity and dispersity of the linear system of equations arises, the solution...
Changes to the number and types of films exposed during cleaning and changes to slurries have promoted a new need for formulated cleans in the Front End of the Line (FEOL). Changes to the particles used in slurries have made many of the traditional pCMP cleaners ineffective for this process. Further, the ideal clean should be a one-step process. These changes are pushing companies to consider formulated...
We introduce an approach that combines a 3” InP-DHBT transferred-substrate process with a SiGe-BiCMOS process. First, silicon and InP wafers are processed separately in different fabs. The silicon wafer runs through the complete 0.25 μm BiCMOS production process with five metal layers aluminum/tungsten back-end-of-line using silicon dioxide as dielectric. The processing was adapted for the following...
We compare CMP process variants used for FEOL integration of photonic components in a SiGe BiCMOS baseline. These CMP variants are part of a process sequence yielding wafers with local SOI regions surrounded by bulk Si areas. This particular wafer structure allows one to fabricate low loss photonic devices like waveguides, couplers and modulators side by side with high-performance BiCMOS devices such...
The effects of colloidal silica on the CMP of Molybdenum (Mo) are investigated in different slurries with H2O2 as oxidizer. It is found that both RR (removal rate) and SER (static etching rate) decrease after adding colloidal silica into the alkaline slurry. The adsorption between the colloidal silica particles and Mo film is observed. Raman spectra show that silicomolybdic acid forms from reaction...
The Timed Photon Counter ‘Tipsy’ detector relies on electron-emitting thin films for generation of primary electrons from a photocathode and the subsequent amplification via SiN dynodes. Both of these films represent materials challenges, and both are being investigated using synchrotrons to optimize their performance. For the dynodes, a program of soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) has been...
Effects of the addition of nano filler particles in the improvement of epoxy resin insulating characteristics were investigated and it has been clarified that surface erosion resulting from partial discharge (PD) could be substantially suppressed by the addition of several percent of nano filler content to epoxy composites. One insulating performance improvement mechanism resulting from nano filler...
As we know, both grown and deposited SiO2 is considered an amorphous material. A lot of experiments based on the silicon dioxide etching showed a series of micro and nano-formations which lead to a polycrystalline structure assumption. This paper is focused on the “crystalline” form of the SiO2 after a wet etching in NH4F:CH3COOH solution. In order to modify the selectivity of the mixture, we have...
Consumer electronics devices have a common point called integrated circuit (IC). Among the most advanced integrated circuits are the microprocessors which control everything from computers and cellular phones to the USB. In this paper, a novel manufacturing technique to enhance the passivation layer which protects the ICs is presented where a stronger passivation layer is made from Ni-TiO2 composite...
By the use of novel techniques like Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and electron beam lithography (EBL), the development of new types of NEMS-sensors, like a nanoscale Thermal-Time-of-Flight (TToF) sensor, are possible. While scaling the dimensions to a nanoscale level, new side effects will become non neglectable. Within the research and development of a nanoscale TToF sensor such a side effect...
Through glass via (TGV) technology is considered to be a cost effective enabler for micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) and radio frequency (RF) system-in-package (SIP) technology. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and the Bosch etching process comprise one of the most pervasive methods for via formation in silicon. Unfortunately an equivalently process for glass remains elusive. In this paper,...
A simple and effective method to control the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by introducing 0-dimensional silica particles has been proposed and demonstrated. After being processed with dip-coating and self-assembly of the specific silica nanoparticles, the substrate surface with nano-scale morphology was obtained, and which helped to control the diameters and density during the CNTs growth in a...
We propose an integrated silicon photonic multispectral infrared platform for combining laser power spanning the ultraviolet to the mid-wave infrared from hybrid silicon III-V lasers by spectral beam combining with a novel ultra-broadband combiner.
Over the last 25 years has seen an unprecedented increase in the growth of phonic components based on semiconductor and solid-state lasers, glass and polymer based optical fibres, and organic LEDs. Emerging technology for component engineering must embed dissimilar materials based devices into an integrated form which is more efficient. In this article, we demonstrate techniques for overcoming the...
Since Cree, Inc.'s 2nd generation 4H-SiC MOSFETs were commercially released with a specific on-resistance (RON, SP) of 5 mΩ·cm2 for a 1200 V-rating in early 2013, we have further optimized the device design and fabrication processes as well as greatly expanded the voltage ratings from 900 V up to 15 kV for a much wider range of high-power, high-frequency, and high-voltage energy-conversion and transmission...
In current online courses, most learning analytics techniques collect, analyze and display low-level data about the interactions of students with educational activities and resources. These data are used to detect students with difficulties in the course, as well as educational activities and resources which might be problematic. This paper presents the Precise Effectiveness Strategy (PES) which enables...
The development of the group work competence is something basic in university teaching. It should be evaluated, but this means to analyze different issues about the participation of a high number of students which is very complex and implies a lot of effort. In order to facilitate this evaluation it is possible to analyze the logs of students' interaction in Learning Management Systems. The present...
Several previous research show that the reputation of the CEOs of big companies are closely related to the reputation of their companies [1][2]. These researches include some guidelines such us to include training to managers in social media and Online tools for reputational influence [3][4]. In the Spanish case, where large corporations are not the majority of the business, but are SMEs [5], an approach...
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