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An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that is able to digitize input current starting from a few femtoamperes (fA) up to microamperes (μA), was designed for the environmental monitoring of the background radiation and for radiation protection at CERN. The Ultra-low Picoammeter 2 (Utopia 2) ASIC, is based on the current to frequency converter (CFC) architecture and can compensate for the...
Researches to control water content of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane(PEM) are actively performed for increasing performance & durability of Fuel cell. This Research to control water content focused on measurement of PEM impedance. In this paper, The measurement system of PEM Impedance based on AC impedance method is proposed. Bi-directional DC/DC converter is designed to measurement of PEM impedance...
A fully differential Super Class AB Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is presented. To provide additional dynamic current boosting and increased gain-bandwidth product (GBW), not only adaptive biasing techniques has been applied at the differential input stage, but also Local Common Mode Feedback (LCMFB). Additionally, Quasi Floating Gate (QFG) transistors are employed, enhancing the performance...
In this paper, a versatile, re-programmable, current-input bioinstrumentation board is presented for electrochemical amperometric measurements. The proposed instrument has been fabricated on a six layer printed circuit board (PCB) and exploits dual switched-capacitor (SC) integration and sample-and-hold (SH) techniques. It comprises off-the-shelf switch and amplifier ICs and a commercially available...
A 13bit 200MS/s pipeline ADC with current-mode MDAC is implemented in this work. Compared with a conventional MDAC architecture, the proposed current mode MDAC reduces power consumption for the residual amplifier between two pipelined stages. The fabricated ADC achieves a 58.4dB / 57.6dB SNDR and a 75dB / 72dB SFDR for a sinusoidal input at 4.15MHz / 97.9MHz respectively. The power consumption of...
The current monitoring objectives in the discharge circuit of the pulse-current generator for the pulse-discharge technologies were analyzed. The designed control and current protection system of the 4-channel pulse-current generator performs the real time reaction on the appearance of the idle discharges and the short-circuit mode, stores the numbers of the nominal and idle discharges, and, during...
We live in a world of Energy. We use it and, following the laws of Thermodynamics, give up a portion of that as inevitable toll for its conversion for our purposes. There are the non-conventional sources around us. Utilization of these energies will help to reduce harmful pollution caused by the oil and coal technologies and save money for the social developments. Beside the previously considered...
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of 3D embedded capacitor for on-chip applications in 3D/2.5D ICs. Compared with stand-alone trench capacitor, its capacitance density is 2.5 times higher. 3D embedded capacitor can be implemented by embedding MIM capacitor into TSV trench to minimize occupied area. In this study, structure integrity of test vehicles was firstly examined with SEM, under which...
We describe a calibration setup for the transre-sistance of low-current amplifiers, based on the capacitance-charging method. The calibration can be performed in the current range of typical interest for electron counting experiments. The setup implementation is simple and rugged, and is suitable to be embedded in larger experiments where the amplifier is employed. The calibration is traceable to...
The charge pumps are used in many areas of electronic industry for generating higher (or negative) voltage than a power supply. Our article is focused on the development Dickson charge pump in discrete form. This charge pump was designed and realized on PCB. The key parameters were measured and verified with the parameters from simulation after fitting models of the used electronic components.
Due to the rising electrification, there is a need for innovative charging technologies to keep pace with technological progress and tethered charging. The electrical performance of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is one crucial point in charging electric vehicles. The resonance frequency respectively the switching frequency of the converter has a large impact on system behavior. Due to component...
High Voltage Shunt Capacitor Banks (SCBs) are the most economical and critical components in the power system, providing reactive power and voltage support. Over temperature, over voltages, manufacturing defects can cause internal failures of capacitor elements. With todays sensitive protection available in numerical relays capacitor elements failure will be detected and capacitor bank will be taken...
In this paper, we conduct a data-driven experimental analysis on capacitor bank switching event at a distribution grid in Riverside, CA using data from two distribution level phasor measurement units, a.k.a, μPMUs. Of particular interest was to detect the capacitor bank switching events based on feeder-level and load-level μPMUs and thus eliminating the need to install separate sensors for the switched...
Simple approach for electromagnetic interference estimation, which are caused by the class D amplifiers for audio applications, is proposed. Main idea is that the amplifier-on-chip is represented as EMI current source which parameters are measured under predetermined conditions. In the case of integrated circuit housing it is not necessary to know internal structure of the amplifier. Furthermore chip...
Small autonomous devices using low power techniques can be supplied by energy harvesters. In this paper we focus on electrostatic energy harvesters using a variable capacitor as transducer. The capacitance, charge and voltage vary in a loop process. Many different setups are known. The aim of this paper is to show a method to characterize the harvested energy of the intrinsic harvester. Due to the...
Low-power sensor interfaces play a key role in monitoring industrial system reliability in hostile environments. They are exposed to destructive surge voltages, which are caused by ground current spikes from operation transitions of machinery and motor drives, endangering circuit functionality. Employing galvanic isolation is thus imperative to protect the sensor analog front end (AFE) from severe...
With the growing adoption of electrified transportation and need for active storage in the electrical grid, electrochemical energy storage has become increasingly important. Past electrochemical management systems have suffered from low efficiency, limited functionality, and extreme cost sensitivity in storage applications [1]. Most battery management systems used for state-of-charge (SOC) equalization...
We push forward setting of the elevator for barrier-free and exchanging of the LED light for energy saving in stations. But harmonic currents may increase by these facilities in the power distribution network. It is effective to take measures for harmonic currents from the design phase. In this paper, the method of this report can estimate harmonic current emissions in case of stations improved by...
Modular Multilevel Converters(MMCs) are considered to be state-of-the-art power converters for high voltage applications. MMCs typically consist of a stack of capacitor-switch assemblies (known as sub-modules), and requires voltage balancing control of multiple floating capacitors. To make these control decisions accurate, it is necessary to have precise knowledge about voltages across each of these...
We have experimentally investigated the polarization-limited operation speed of Negative Capacitance FET (NCFET) through direct measurement of negative capacitance in transient behavior of ferroelectric HfO2 capacitor and physics-based modeling, for the first time. Systematic analysis of frequency dependence and transient characteristics of ferroelectric HfO2 capacitor enabled accurate parameter extraction...
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