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This research describes the construction of a mechanical cervical traction therapy simulation using a physics software engine. The model consisted of an anatomically correct human skeleton and two types of mechanical traction devices, each representing a unique traction position. While most of the movement in the skeleton simulation model was represented by simple hinges and ball-socket joints, the...
Providing an efficient mathematical model of the skeletal muscles which takes both computational efficiency and accuracy into account is a crucial factor in the simulations of multiple-muscle problems. Previous studies stated that ignoring the elastic characteristics of the tendon can reduce the time cost of simulations at the expense of introducing some minor errors if the ratio of tendon slack length...
Energy-maximising controllers for wave energy devices are normally based on linear hydrodynamic device models. Such models ignore nonlinear effects which typically manifest themselves for large device motion (typical in this application) and may also include other modelling errors. In this paper, we present a methodology for reducing the sensitivity to modelling errors and nonlinear effects by the...
Crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), despite its tight junctions, is of the great importance in a plethora of medical applications. As a result, this work is dedicated to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of crossing through the BBB particularly under the effect of magnetic force. For this purpose, two cases of a coated gold nanocparticle with insulin and uncoated gold nanoparticle have been considered;...
An anatomically realistic biomechanical model of the index finger was created using a force-based approach in order to predict the isometric fingertip force or dynamic movement based on the forces of 7 index finger musculotendons. The model was validated for static forces through comparison with experimental results from 5 cadaver specimens. The model reliably simulated the isometric fingertip force...
In the embryo development problem for the Drosophila melanogaster, a set of molecules known as mor-phogens are responsible for the embryo segmentation. These morphogens are encoded by different genes, including the GAP genes, maternal coordination genes and pair-rule genes. One of the maternal coordination genes encodes the Bicoid morphogen, which is the responsible for the development of the Drosophila...
Modern urban areas constitute of rich mix of mobile user devices enabled with sensors and capability of being continuously connected to existing social networking infrastructure. In future the cities can act as single sociotechnical super-organism with capability to generate large scale adaptive urban dynamics expressing various forms of urban intelligence. Such an advanced situation-aware super organism...
The goal of developing high fidelity simulation of muscle force is of considerable interest for the biomedical community. Traditionally Hill models have been incorporated. However, feasible scope of the Hill model is inherently limited, especially in light of the growing relevance of muscle history dependence. History dependence is considered to be significant for motor control and stability. Attempts...
This paper presents a novel estimation method for extracting the activation rate of the human leg muscles using the recursive least squares algorithm. It is shown that the output force of each leg muscle group can be simply estimated from the reconstructed real measurement data. The estimation result turned out to be fairly comparable to those from electromyography, yet much simpler and faster. Considering...
The synaptic input to the motoneurons cannot be measured in humans due to ethical and technical difficulties. For these reasons realistic computational models of a motoneuron pool and the innervated muscle fibers (a “motor unit pool”) have an important role in the study of the human control of muscles. However such models are complex and their mathematical analysis is difficult. We present a system...
We built a 3D anatomically and biomechanically accurate physiological tongue model for use in visual speech synthesis. For the anatomical modeling part, the tongue and its muscles are constructed based on accurate medical data. Due to their complexity, muscles geometry and fiber arrangement are specified by a proposed interactive muscle marking method. For the biomechanical modeling part, a nonlinear,...
Through the establishment of the elbow biomechanical model, it can provide theoretical guide for rehabilitation therapy on the upper limb of the human body. A biomechanical model of the elbow joint can be built by the connection of muscle force model and elbow dynamics. But there are many undetermined coefficients in the model like the optimal joint angle and optimal muscle force which are usually...
In order to evaluate balancing ability in each direction more objectively and analyze the correlations between balance ability and human basic information such as gender, height and weight, the complete dynamics model of balance process under external excitation was simplified as two order linear system reasonably in this study. The evaluation system based on visual stimulation was built to provide...
An elbow biomechanical model can provide theoretical guidance for the rehabilitation of the human arm. Researches on the mechanism of elbow movement are developed mainly through analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG), but the signals that were captured are redundant, without the consideration of muscle groups, while output of the model are mostly muscle force or torque, which is not intuitive...
Endurance is a critical problem that most flying robots will definitely encounter. Inspired by flying animals in nature that take frequent short flights with periods of perching in between, we propose an innovative mechanism with flying and adhesion to solve this problem. Previously, we have developed some prototypes of flying and adhesion robots. However, when the robots switch between flying and...
One of the topics in biomedical engineering that is rapidly gaining interest, is modeling blood flow for various applications. We present a mesh-based model of elastic objects that can be used in such applications and a new approach to evaluation of energy contributions that correspond to different types of elastic forces in this model. We validate the new metric by looking at simulation experiments...
This paper presents new methods to develop a running long jump for a simulated humanoid robot. Starting from a steady-state running motion, a new spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) based 3D template model for a running jump is presented. The use of this model is motivated by a simpler model from biomechanics which describes the dynamics of human long jumpers in the sagittal plane. While previously...
We present a simulation of acoustic tweezers that will improve our understanding of standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) generation in microfluidic chips made of soft polymers such as polydimethysiloxane (PDMS). This simulation aims at providing a tool to improve acoustofluidic chip design. In this paper, we describe a finite element method (FEM) modeling approach of a complete acoustofluidic chip...
The deformation mechanics of a single E. coli bacterium in close proximity of a rigid quartz substrate is investigated using a two dimensional finite element model. The classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek potential is used to model the intersurface forces experienced by the bacterium. A coupling between deformation and adhesive properties is seen.
Sensorimotor integration during spinal reflexes is discontinuous and context based unlike previously proposed continuous feedback models. Cutaneous and proprioceptive modalities play a key role in planning and execution of the hindlimb wipe reflex in adult spinal bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). However the temporal dynamics of this integration is still unclear. Studies have suggested that intrinsic...
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