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To ensure efficient session continuity for every node in a Mobile Network NEMO Basic Support (NBS) protocol, an extension of MIPv6 has been proposed. The protocol NBS is not directly applicable in PMIPv6 domain as it is a network based mobility management protocol and mobility is transparent from mobile node. It is already proved that to support NEMO BSP in PMIPv6 domain some modifications are required...
Not all header fields in IP packets are used simultaneously during transmissions. Some fields may provide traceback services, especially for the defense against DDoS attacks. In this paper, we analyze which IP header fields may be used without impacting the other services provided by the IP protocol. We also analyze how unused fields can be filled for the purpose of traceback, and with what probability...
Identity centric networks (IdCN), in which packets are destined to user identities, is one of the future network architectures under discussion. Since user mobility is already widely observed in the current Internet and seen as one of the main features of the future Internet, seamless mobility needs to be kept in mind for whatever routing mechanisms developed for IdCN. However, seamless handoff techniques...
Nodes in a mobile Ad Hoc network can change their location dynamically. The manner in which nodes can be moved can be represented by a mobility model. A mobility model defines the speed, pauses and direction of the nodes in a network. The way in which nodes move in an emergency scenario and rescue differs from a normal scenario, because the normal paths can be interrupted. AVM mobility models and...
Blockage of communication links due to environmental obstructions and the resulting on/off channel behavior present challenges for providing reliable communication in mobile wireless networks. Traditional reliability techniques such as forward error correction and automatic repeat request (ARQ) are not designed to operate at the timescales typically observed in blockage channels. This work presents...
In this article, we examine some major challenges to be solved in order to provide efficient end-to-end connectivity, resource management and QoS in a tactical military heterogeneous network (including the mobile edge). We briefly describe a selected set of possible solutions and mechanisms to improve inter-domain and intra-domain networking for the tactical heterogeneous network that will be further...
A wireless sensor network could be either homogeneous network or heterogeneous network. Depending upon the nature of application requirements a wireless sensor node could either be static or mobile one. When the nodes are static, data collection by the sink from various sources will be difficult and time consuming process. Also static deployment of sink as well as source nodes lead to energy hole...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a cluster of sensor nodes where each sensor node has capability to monitor, measure and disseminates the data to the neighboring node. Collected data is normally forwarded to base station for analysis and processing. Many protocols for network with static sink are available in literature. However, WSN with mobile sink(s) is the contemporary research issue amongst...
Mobile ad hoc network is an arbitrary network in which all the nodes are mobile and consists of limited battery power and channel bandwidth. Ad hoc network often deployed in emergency situations, therefore saving resources i.e. power in such situations is prime importance. In this paper, an algorithm MAODV (Ad Hoc on demand distance vector routing using threshold power to route the packet) has been...
Dynamically changing network conditions pose a challenge for routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). The network conditions like topology, node density, energy constraint makes difficult to decide which protocol suits best for the scenario. The routing in MANETs exploits Proactive and Reactive Routing. Proactive routing provides better packet delivery while Reactive routing has low overheads. Thus,...
The performance of Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks (DTMNs) depends on the mobility pattern through the nodes encounter process which constitutes opportunities for exchange of information between nodes. However, the exchange of information itself depends also on the routing/replication protocol and the network ressources as the node buffer capacity and which determines the effective network performance...
Networks are being used in various areas and the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is the network in Laptops, smart phones. MANET is a dynamic network without the fixed infrastructure due to their wireless nature and topology and changes due to their dynamic nature. In MANET various routing protocols are used, AODV routing protocol is one of them and the AODV has the different characteristics, AODV is...
Most of the concerns of interest to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are of interest in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), but the details differ. Rather than moving at random, vehicles tend to move in an organized path. The intercommunication with roadside equipment can likewise be characterized fairly accurately. And finally, most vehicles are prohibited in their range of motion, for example by...
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is the collection of various mobile nodes which are connected together over a wireless medium having no fixed infrastructure. Each participating node in the network acts as both router and host and responsible for forwarding packets for other nodes. Nowadays MANETs are becoming famous for their applications and features. In MANET identifying the security issues is major...
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) has a distributed and uncontrolled nature in which all nodes are considered trusted and contribute in the route discovery process. Accordingly, MANET is vulnerable to many types of routing attacks. One of the most popular MANET routing protocol that is vulnerable to different attacks is ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. In this paper, a mobile...
802.11 wireless networks have gained ever greater popularity nowadays. At the same time, wireless modules' prices have fallen dramatically. In order to support real-time applications such as VoIP in an 802.11 Wireless LAN, an efficient handoff mechanism using multi-radio module is proposed when a mobile client moves from one Access Point to another. In this paper, we present a method of multi-radio...
Connectivity of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) is highly dependent on the mobility model it follows. From previous studies, it has been found that Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWP) is widely used to simulate performance of the MANETs. This mobility model resembles the mobility of people using mobile phones in a given area. Connectivity is an important issue in a MANET following RWP model and hence...
In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol named ACDTN, inspired from the collective behavior in ants colonies, to find the hops that are more likely to approach the message to it final destination, by combining the information on the time and the geographical coordinates of appointment places (visibility) and the encounters frequency between nodes (pheromone) to compute the transition probability...
In this paper, we present the Context-Aware Opportunistic Resource-Based Routing Protocol (CORB) for intermittently-connected stationary wireless sensor networks. This protocol targets domains such as ambiance control in smart buildings. Unlike existing context-aware routing approaches which consider node mobility as the main source of disconnection, CORB only considers the nodes' limited resources...
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a constantly self-configuring, infrastructure-less network of mobile devices where each device is wireless, moves without restraint and be a router to put across traffic unassociated to its own use. Every device must be prepared to constantly sustain the information obligatory for routing the traffic. And this is the main challenge in building a MANET. Such networks...
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