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In this paper, we investigate the performance of discount pricing policies as coordination mechanisms in decentralized channels where demand is sensitive to both price and sales effort. Most related studies have shown that volume discount is an effective channel coordination device. However, our paper shows that, when demand is affected by both price and sales effort, regular volume discount not only...
Musyarakah contract is a joint venture between two or more parties and the profit is shared according to the agreed profit sharing ratio. Currently, less than 2% of the financial portfolio of Islamic banks in Malaysia uses this concept although most Muslim economist scholars consider it as a dynamic concept. The paper discusses quatitatively some type of profit and loss sharing contracts that maybe...
By means of game theory, this paper analyzes the model of benefits allocation of supply chain which consists of a manufacture and a vendor and is dominated by the former. We discuss the preconditions of the model and give a simple and practical allocation method, gaining benefits not only according to contribution but also chain status.
Multi-owner structure shaping inter-domain operations is arguably the most important factor determining the end-to-end performance in the current Internet. Financial sustainability of Internet service provisioning has significantly changed the way Internet grows and all the other business sectors using the Internet as infrastructure. Further, scalability of BGP routing table sizes is becoming a stressing...
High-throughput data traffic has gained prominence in the mobile telecommunications. But the service quality is never a grantee due to the nature of wireless communication. This not only degrades the utility of customers but also reduces the revenue of service provider. To overcome such predicament, the overlay macrocell-femtocell system is introduced to enhance the service quality by reutilize spectrum...
The success of Apple's iPhone and app store inspired other platform and network operators to adopt revenue sharing for their stores. However, indiscreet imitation of revenue sharing is quite risky without rigorous investigation. This study aims at 1) validating that revenue sharing can coordinate parties participated in app economy, 2) exploring applicability of other contracts in the field of app...
We research conducted the strategic purchase model of the the home appliances enterprises based on revenue-sharing contract in this paper. Under such a contract, a manufacturer pays a supplier a wholesale price for each unit purchased, plus a percentage of the revenue generated by manufacturer that is determined by manufacturer's purchase quantity and price. Finally, a numerical instance is used to...
In this paper, hierarchical holographic modeling (HHM) is used to identify the risks in transport PPPs under the perspectives of contractual nature of PPPs, institution and cultural environment, and inadequate supervision. Then, we propose that the traditional financial audit approach can not effectively control risk on PPPs, and furthermore, we give an analytic framework of audit supervision for...
Aiming at the reverse bullwhip effect in reverse supply chain (RSC), a non-cooperative stackelberg model is set up with agreed collection volume. The centralized, decentralized and coordinated systems are brought out successively and the operation mechanism is analyzed afterwards. With the developed expense-sharing contract as the object of the study, the fact is proved that the RSC with collection...
Borrowing qualifications to undertake hydraulic Projects disrupted the hydraulic engineering bidding order, and affected the water project construction management and project quality to a certain extent. This paper analyzed the motives of borrowing and lending qualifications, established a tripartite game model between the lending units, borrowing units and government authorities, and analyzed the...
In China, private placement fund has a major impact on the operation of stock market. Due to the characteristics of private placement fund and the lack of legislation, there are a number of risk factors in the operating of private placement fund. This article introduces the operating state of private placement fund in China, and analyzes the characteristics of the risk. In the last part, on the basis...
This paper analyzes the reason that the standard buy-back contracts can not coordinate supply chain when suppliers allow retailers to lower prices, and an encouraging buy-back contract is proposed to coordinate the supply chain. The contract allows supplier to coordinate supply chain again only by adjusting the buy-back price. Finally, a numerical analysis is given to verify these results.
The paper establishes and solves a game model with incomplete information between the client and the service vendor. On the basis of reputation concerns, the inner mechanism of outsourcing for the service vendor was discussed. It is shown that the reputation effect can improve the service vendor's effort level and solve the moral hazard in some extent.
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), hierarchical routing protocol is commonly used for energy efficiency. However, routing protocols without proper security suffer from many security vulnerabilities. Hence, in this paper, we propose a sensor authentication scheme during key establishment procedure based on clustering routing protocol. It authenticates lower level nodes by using temporal keys which...
To properly determine the concession period is one of the most important questions of BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) projects. Project life and total investment are always pre-given in extant models such as ACM and RCM, which needs more discussion. Social benefit is one crucial factor for a host government to accelerate infrastructure construction by the BOT mechanism, which has been much more concerned...
We propose a multi-agent-based artificial futures market to understand commodity futures price dynamics, which is called stylized facts. The multi-agent-based artificial futures market includes hedger agents and speculative agents. We use Brenner's stochastic belief learning model (SBL) to describe speculative agents' learning process. The SBL is a social learning process with local information. New...
A Service supply chain occurs when a service provider outsources part of the service to a supplier. In service supply chains, as supplier offers service directly to final customers, it's hard for service provider to monitor or measure supplier's work. For this reason, the service provider has to offer an incentive mechanism to the supplier. This paper studies the optimal incentive mechanism in the...
This paper provides a framework for addressing the question of the underinvestment of technological innovation. Following Hart and Moore, we propose a contract model to show the mechanism of the underinvestment of technological innovation according to analytical framework of assets specificity theory. Further analyses show that the underinvestment of technological innovation is due to the high degree...
The paper investigates the contest behavior in outsourcing service competition by applying contest theory, and constructs the outsourcing service competition model based on contest model. On the basis of analyzing equilibrium of outsourcing service competition, it studies the equilibrium in light of cost variance of the outsourcing service suppliers and explores the effect of cost variance on the...
In this paper, we consider a manufacturer-supplier chain situation in which the manufacturer coordinates, e.g., supports, its supplier's innovation that can eventually lead to supply cost reduction. Developing some mathematical models, we show that sharing innovation cost has a better coordination effect, and manufacturer can share a part of innovation cost when the innovation coefficient is lager,...
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