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Nano-delivery vehicles have been a staple in point of care innovations for nearly two decades. Chief among these are liposomes, which are one of the best developed FDA delivery systems. A critical step of the optimization process is the loading of drugs within the core of the nano-carrier, known as encapsulation. Several procedures have been developed to increase the encapsulation efficiency, however,...
In the present work interactions between magnetite nanoparticles stabilized by trisodium citrate with anticancer drug doxorubicin were investigated. Quantitative estimation of the complex stability was carried out by analyzing the thermodynamic binding parameters, in particular, the drug-nanoparticle binding constant value. The Langmuir model of equilibrium binding was used for the spectrophotometric...
Focused ultrasound enhanced intranasal drug delivery (IN+FUS) is a unique noninvasive approach that utilizes the olfactory pathway to administer drugs directly to the brain. Our group has shown that IN+FUS provides a more homogenous distribution of molecules in the targeted region than intranasal delivery alone. The underlying mechanism of IN+FUS is believed to be due to the microbubble pump effect,...
Video capsule endoscopy is a widely accepted clinical alternative to conventional endoscopy for examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Its advantages are that it can visualize the entire gastrointestinal tract including the anatomically remote small intestine and it is less invasive for the patient as compared to conventional endoscopy. However, video capsule endoscopy is suitable only for diagnosis,...
In situ forming implants (ISFIs) can provide continuous, high dose release of chemotherapeutic drug directly at the tumor site. However, poor drug distribution through the tumor volume has limited the effectiveness and subsequent translation of ISFIs into clinical practice. In this study, mice were subcutaneously injected with phase-inverting ISFIs loaded with fluorescein and exposed to therapeutic...
Focused ultrasound and microbubbles have been shown to locally and noninvasively open the blood-brain barrier. Despite encouraging results in human patients, several performance and safety features, such as poor drug distribution, high drug accumulation along vessels and small sites of red blood cell extravasation, have been unavoidable. We have recently developed a new ultrasound sequence — rapid...
Studies have shown that treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with systemic administration of gemcitabine (GEM) is inhibited by excessive desmoplastic connective tissue surrounding the tumor. Ultrasound (US) insonification combined with drug-loaded poly lactic acid (PLA) microbubbles (MB) may circumvent this through targeted delivery to the tumor via increased permeability and lodging...
Acoustically-activated nanodroplets facilitate localized drug delivery after vaporization with improved in vivo stability, drug payload, and minimal interference outside of the ultrasound focal zone compared with microbubbles. They are new acoustic mediators to induce blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening for drug delivery to the brain, with promising potential of extravasation to enhance targeted delivery...
Ultrasound/microbubble (US/MB)-mediated drug delivery is a promising approach to effectively deliver therapeutic agents to target tumors by increasing vascular permeability through sonoporation. Equipped with focused ultrasound, drug delivery platforms can increase site-specificity. To move toward clinical translation, such a platform requires both image guidance for accurate location of tumor targets...
Bleomycin (BLM) is a potent chemotherapeutic that causes cytotoxic oxidative damage to DNA. However, this non-permeant drug is mainly internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, tumors showing poor expression of BLM-binding proteins are resistant to this therapy. This work aims to improve the intracellular accumulation and efficacy of BLM in resistant colorectal adenocarcinoma cells...
The development of targeted drug delivery using conjugated nanoparticles brings more drug molecules to diseased sites, at the same time reducing the negative side effects of systemic drug exposure. In the present study, the binding capability of the newly developed biocompatible PEG-containing polymeric nanocarrier (PC) was demonstrated. The uptake and cytotoxicity of nanocarrier-immobilized anticancer...
A novel communication scheme called touchable communication (TouchCom) in the nanoscale and molecular communication area has been recently proposed. It is focused on the controllable and trackable properties of message carriers. A potential therapeutic application of TouchCom is the targeted delivery of drugs which utilizes physically transient nanobots as vehicles to deliver drug particles. Meanwhile,...
In the field of pharmaceutical research, confocal Raman microscopy recently attracted a lot of attention for non-invasive and three-dimensional imaging. In contrast to fluorescence microscopy generally requiring bulky labels which often change physicochemical properties of drugs impeding predictive analysis, Raman microscopy is inherently chemically selective. Applications range from drug distribution...
The anti-estrogen tamoxifen (Tam) is the most preferred option for patients with estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a considerable clinical problem in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment. Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family proteins play an important role in acquired drug resistance. Many studies have focused primarily...
Nano-systems, often used in biomedical applications for the treatment of a broad category of illnesses, represent one of the nanomedicine approaches recently proposed to target specific drugs only in the region where the disease has been developed. Recently the use of this technique has been proposed with electropulsation, hence taking advantage of the enhanced permeabilization of the cell membrane...
We propose a novel nanoporous membrane platform which allows for low-power electrical control of diffusion of charged molecules through field-effect gating for smart drug delivery systems. An applied gate voltage controls the electrical potential in the nanochannel resulting in either enrichment or exclusion of charged molecules. Molecules with the same polarity as the channel potential are excluded...
In this study, thermoresponsive hydrogel microspheres, namely, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) were prepared by using an inverse suspension polymerization technique. The radiation-induced modification of PNIPAAm microspheres with itaconic acid (IA) was applied for synthesizing pH and thermoresponsive PNIPAAm-co-poly(itaconic acid) microspheres (PNIPAAm-co-PIA). The PNIPAAM-co-PIA microspheres...
Drug delivery is the methods, creations, technologies, and schemes for carrying a pharmaceutical compound in the body as required to safely bring in its anticipated therapeutic effect. This paper mainly focuses in drug delivery system on efficient delivery of the particular drug to the concerned body part through any particular medium which can be directed by a chemical or physiological trigger.
Gelatin is a protein derived from collagen by an acid treatment (type A gelatin, GA) or an alkaline treatment (type B gelatin, GB). In this study, GA and GB were chemically modified by introducing functional groups on their structures to obtain cationized (GE) and anioized gelatin derivatives (GS), respectively. Conjugation of ethylenediamine resulted in the higher positive charge and free amino group...
Cell-cycle specific drugs affect cells when they are in specific phases of their periodic cycle. However, injecting drug's strategy can only by global. This rises the problem of optimizing a global constrained decision variable (drug delivery profile with limited volume) when its effect depends on many local unknown characteristics (the individual cells phases). In this paper, an observer-based framework...
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