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This paper presents a feasibility study on the prototyping of a hybrid EPAC (Electric Pedal Assisted Cycle) through an FC-B-UC (Fuel Cell — Battery — Ultra-Capacitors) power system. Aim of this work is the characterization of a PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) in order to confirm its theoretical performances and to verify the possibility of its installation on an e-bike.
An optimization method is proposed for the geometric parameters of an convergent nozzle ejector in the anode gas recirculation system in PEM fuel cell in this paper. The mathematical model of ejector is established by employing the hydrodynamics, thermodynamic principles and chemical constraints. An optimization method is applied based on hybrid fish swarm algorithm to optimize the geometry parameters...
This paper proposes a Real-time optimization (RTO) strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Sources based on Global Extremum Seeking (GES) control of the air flow. The performance is shown in comparison with Static Feed-Forward RTO strategy.
A real-time optimization (RTO) strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Sources (FCHPS) based on the control of the boost converter is proposed in this study. The reference current for boost controller is generated by the optimization strategy based on the Global Extremum Seeking (GES) scheme. The GES scheme will track the maximum value of the optimization function considered for the FC system. The second...
A real-time optimization (RTO) strategy for the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Sources (FCHPS) is proposed in this paper. The optimization strategy is based on the Global Extremum Seeking (GES) search of the optimal value of the fuel flow rate of the FC stack. The airflow rate is controlled by the FC current as in the Static Feed-Forward (sFF) RTO strategy, where both fueling flow rates are controlled by...
In this paper a comprehensive method to optimize the operation of a microgrid is presented. Various factors such as fuel cost, environmental cost, maintenance cost, start-up and shut-down costs and spot price of electricity as well as effect of congestion are considered. To demonstrate the performance of the presented method, a test system consisting of micro turbine, fuel cell and wind unit is considered...
This article analyses three energy management strategies for an electric vehicle powertrain in order to maximize its global efficiency. The considered electric motor supply system is a multi-source system that consists of a fuel cell as a main energy source and an additional element that supplies peak power (at start-up and during fast transients) and charges by regenerative braking. Energy management...
In this paper, a divisive hierarchical clustering method is proposed to address the problem of pairing of manipulated inputs and controlled outputs. Specifically, an integer nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to identify groups of inputs and outputs with strong structural coupling quantified by relative degrees. This optimization problem can be solved in a hierarchical manner to generate...
Fuel cell and microturbine based distributed generation (DG) system are one of the promising source due to their operating efficiency, reliability and power quality. Thus, the selection of their operation is essential to obtain the maximum efficiency of two individual sources. In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used for the efficiency...
Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) utilize alternative nontoxic hydrogen, which is an environmentally friendly fuel that has the potential to dramatically reduce global dependence on fossil fuels. FCHVs benefit from two energy supply sources. Namely, the proton exchange membrane fuel cells and batteries to supply the power-train demand load. This paper develops an optimized energy management system...
This article focusses on the well-known problem of energy management for hybrid-electric vehicles. Although researches on this problem have recently intensified. Dynamic programming (DP) is still considered as the reference method because it obtains the best solutions of the literature so far, even though it requires a significant computational time. This article however, describes two heuristic-global-optimization-based...
Due to ever increasing energy demand and expectation, microgrid has received a great attention. Microgrid can be viewed as a cluster of loads and parallel DG units installed at consumer's sites. The main objective of this paper is to address on the issue of optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme for a microgrid using three evolutionary techniques, namely Particle Swarm Optimization...
Extending fuel cell lifetime is a necessary objective for reducing fuel cell power generation cost of electricity. Capital costs comprise the most significant fraction of the cost of electricity. Reducing the frequency of fuel cell replacement can be achieved by implementing a control strategy that prevents excursions into operating regions causing failure. In this paper we implement a constrained...
This paper describes a model-based control design for a solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC/GT) combined cycle system. One-step ahead predictive control is formulated to (1) meet the power demand effectively, (2) handle the multiple constraints of the hybrid system, and (3) minimize the fuel consumption. An SOFC/GT control strategy with two sequential optimization loops is proposed. The primary...
This paper discusses the powermanagement optimization of hybrid electric powertrains. Additionally to known approaches the optimization is realized using a loop including time-domain simulations and evaluation of the dynamic behavior by performance parameters. The method is also suitable for online implemented algorithms for nonlinear systems and can be online-adapted and thus be operated independent...
Theobjectiveof this paper is to develop an optimally-sized microgrid system composed of wind turbine, diesel generator and hydrogen-based energy storage system for a remote community. The goal is to meet the instantaneous demand, while minimizing the cost of electricity and adverse impacts of burning fossil fuels on the environment. The wind turbine is the main source of energy. The electrolyser is...
Energy density and power density are two of the most significant specifications for a fuel cell system. Generally speaking, energy density should be derived from the fuel cell efficiency. All these performance indices are closely correlated with the control variables of the balance of plant (BOP). The present paper proposes an optimization algorithm that maximizes the fuel cell efficiency. The strategy...
This paper introduces the principles and characteristics of the fuel cell and researches the technical requirements of communication equipment for power supply. By analyzing the feasibility of the application of the fuel cell to communication power supply, a framework of communication power supply system is established in the paper based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
This paper proposes a new method to manage the daily operation of MicroGrid (MG) for residential applications. Thorough discussion and simulations are conducted to clarify and highlight the principle of the method. Nonlinear optimization problem formulation is also performed. The proposed cost function takes into consideration the costs of the emissions NOx, SO2, and CO2 as well as the operation and...
The operation efficiency of fuel cell power systems varies largely according to their operation conditions, and there exists a unique maximum efficiency point (MEP). The objective of this paper is to propose a novel control strategy to maximize the efficiency of fuel cell power generation. A maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) controller is designed based on extremum seeking control algorithm...
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