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Genistein (GEN) is one of the major soy isoflavones. It is particularly effective in quenching free radicals generated by toxic agents. On account of its anti-oxidant property, it may protect cancer cells from free radical damage in photodynamic (PDT) during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was stimulated leading to irreversible tumor cell injury. In this study, the influence of genistein...
In this paper we study the problem of predicting which genes are likely to have a role in tumor-suppression in lung and colorectal cancer. Mutation frequencies alone cannot serve to differentiate between 'drivers' (mutations that cause cancer) and 'passengers' (mutations that are caused by cancer) some other features must be added. Our hypothesis is that the developmental stage gene expression profile...
We have developed a scaffold-free, cell-based, single fiber approach toward tissue engineered tendon. This method provides a culture system in which key aspects of embryonic tenogenesis may be replicated, such as high initial cell density, cell-cell adhesion, and dynamic mechanical cues. Through the application of embryonic development inspired growth factors and mechanical stimulation, we ultimately...
We report on the development of a novel in vitro, multi-compartmental, three-dimensional, Human Skin Tissue Experimental Model (HISTEM) using three-dimensional free form fabrication (3DFFF). The availability of this model is expected to positively impact the development of transdermal vaccines and immunomodulators for infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Our studies demonstrate the biological...
A system to control the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using RNAi methods is being investigated. Through this delivery system, we aim to induce the differentiation of stem cells for a variety of regenerative medicine applications. In these preliminary studies, we have characterized both the cytotoxicity and uptake of our polymeric system relative to commercial siRNA delivery...
Early perfusion is essential for survival and function of engineered tissues. A promising solution to this problem is the development of stable microvessels within an engineered construct. Transplantation of human endothelial cells within protein gels has been shown to form functional vascular networks both in vitro and after implantation into immunodeficient mice. Co-transplantation of human pericytes,...
Laser direct-write (LDW) is a biofabrication method capable of rapidly creating precise patterns of viable cells. While previous studies have successfully printed cells to polystyrene Petri dishes, here we have adapted LDW to printing both human dermal fibroblasts and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to cover slips, allowing more efficient use of culture reagents. Viability of both cell types was...
The objective of the present research was to determine cardiomyocyte function on poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (50:50 wt. % (PLA:PGA); PLGA) with greater amounts of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for myocardial tissue engineering applications. The addition of CNFs could increase conductivity and strength of pure PLGA. For this reason, different PLGA:CNF ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 wt.%) were...
In this study, we analyzed the diversity of vaginal microbiota in 9 bacterial vaginosis (BV) positive and 11 healthy women from the metropolitan area of Guangzhou in Southern China using full-length 16S rDNA. Our data confirmed that a shift in the abundance of bacterial species present in the vaginal environment comparing the BV and non-BV groups. Each sequence read was assigned to a genus or a species...
In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework to support classification of nuclei in digital microscopy images of diffuse gliomas. This system integrates multiple modules designed for convenient human annotations, standard-based data management, efficient data query and analysis. In our study, 2770 nuclei of six types are annotated by neuropathologists from 29 whole-slide images of glioma biopsies...
Segmenting brain from non-brain tissue within magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human head, also known as skull-stripping, is a critical processing step in the analysis of neuroimaging data. Though many algorithms have been developed to address this problem, challenges remain. In this paper, we apply the “deformable organism” framework to the skull-stripping problem. Within this framework, deformable...
Despite excessive expenditures by governments and private corporations, the toxicological effects of many chemicals and human relevant compounds are not well understood. Current methods for screening the toxicological effects of these chemicals are expensive, time consuming, and have been proven to produce results that must be interpreted with caution when extrapolating to human bioavailability and...
The rapid assessment of how cells respond to pathologic, biological, environmental, and endogenous agents is critical for understanding how such responses may increase genomic instability, disease development and, ultimately, affect quality of life. Recently, we have applied the technique of DNA fiber analysis to increase our understanding of how DNA damaging agents influence DNA replication [1]....
Summary form only given. The accumulation of biomedical literature makes it increasingly difficult for scientists to keep up with scientific advancements, requiring the development of text mining tools to collect and integrate data in a high-throughput fashion. A major challenge in biomedical text mining is how to recognize genes sensitively and accurately, and translate them to their official gene...
It is not easy to align DNA sequences of whole genomes to find some useful biomarkers (in general term), as whole genome has more than 10 mega bases. Thus, we do not apply the straightforward Smith-Waterman O(N2) time and space algorithms. If some specific DNA segments in which we are interested are very sparse, then the O(n2) dynamic programming algorithm for aligning those are inefficient since...
Maps of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential to uncover cellular processes and metabolic processes in a cell. However, various high-throughput biological experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in interactions of high false positive and false negative rates. The fact that most interaction networks remain sparse and incomplete motivates scientists to develop computational...
Summary form only given. Arsenic is shown to participate in many of transduction pathways in cancer cells. However, up to now, the mechanism of protein-arsenic interactions is still remaining unknown. This study aims at investigating whether the sequence composition of arsenic-binding proteins is distinct to that of background distribution. We first collected two sets of potential arsenic-binding...
Genome-wide DNA methylation was analysed in tumor and normal tissues. HOXA9, HOXD4, TBX4 were found to be hypermethylated in tumor tissues whereas PAX4 was found to be hypermethylated in normal tissues. HOXD4 and TBX4 are suggested to be potent tumor suppressor genes or tumor suppressor associated genes.
It is well established that oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in male infertility. OS occurs when the production of potentially destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the body's own natural antioxidant defenses, resulting in cellular damage. Antioxidant and trace element supplementation to infertile men has shown considerable improvement in sperm parameters; however, the issue of...
Reassortments are events in the evolution of the genome of influenza (flu). As reassortments have been implicated in major human pandemics of the last century, their identification has become a health priority. While such identification can be done on a small dataset by a biologist (using phylogenetic trees), databases of flu sequences are growing exponentially, so that it is imperative to develop...
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