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The discovery of carbon nanotubes has opened the door to numerous cutting-edge nanoscale research fields including microelectronic devices, and biomedical application. Although pure nanotubes suffice for most purposes, highly pure magnetic carbon nanotubes are more suitable for specialized applications such as gene delivery. The conventional purification methods of carbon nanotubes are too harsh for...
In this paper we study the problem of predicting which genes are likely to have a role in tumor-suppression in lung and colorectal cancer. Mutation frequencies alone cannot serve to differentiate between 'drivers' (mutations that cause cancer) and 'passengers' (mutations that are caused by cancer) some other features must be added. Our hypothesis is that the developmental stage gene expression profile...
The Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) was initiated in 2009 at the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and has been led by Xiaoyuan (Shawn) Chen. Currently, LOMIN has grown to over 25 members who work together in diverse fields to develop theranostic molecular imaging tools and drug delivery systems. LOMIN is an interdisciplinary...
This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-power, low-voltage sigma delta modulator (SDM) with a standard 0.18μm CMOS technology. A novel cascode current mirror operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA) is utilized to enlarge the input common-mode range. The one-stage OTA structure is simple and low-power comparing with the traditional multi-stage folded cascode structure. The...
The development of new technologies to monitor drugs concentration directly in patient's blood is absolutely required to succeed in personalized drug therapies. In this study, Etoposide - a well-known anti-cancer drug - has been chosen as model for cyclic voltammetry detection of drugs. Carbon nanotubes are chosen as electron-transfer mediators to enhance the system sensitivity. A very low frequency...
In this paper, a low noise and robust test scheme for 3D stacked integrated circuits based on modified standard IEEE 1149.4 has been proposed. Through the modified standard, this novel test scheme can be more robust to fulfill the microsystem integration requirements. This test scheme also makes the analog pins more observable and testable during and after the integration. The proposed test scheme...
This paper presents implementation of a low-power quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) for medical implant communication service (MICS) applications. The proposed QVCO adopts a parallel-coupling scheme to combine two current-reuse VCOs (P-QVCO). The proposed QVCO has been implemented in 180 nm RF CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the P-QVCO consumes 2.6 mA from 1.2 V supply...
In this paper, a low power and low noise eight-channel analog front-end (AFE) IC for portable brain-heart monitoring applications is presented. The developed IC features a fully integrated eight-channel design which includes one channel for diffuse optical tomography (DOT), three channels for electrocardiography (ECG), and four channels for electroencephalography (EEG). In order to achieve the targets...
We have demonstrated that carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors act as highly sensitive single-molecule detectors when point functionalized. The hybridization kinetics of two complementary strands of DNA are associated with two-level fluctuations in the conductance of the nanotube to which the DNA is bound. We have studied the temperature dependence of the nanotube conductance and shown that the...
Summary form only given. Switched-mode dc-dc converters are routinely employed in the power supply section of low-power electronic systems, such as biomedical implants, to convert a supply voltage from one voltage level to another voltage level. The switched-mode dc-dc converter employs a modulator to modulate the output pulses. In Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)-based digital modulators, an N-bit counter...
In order to satisfy an emergent demand in point of care (POC) diagnostics as well as low resource settings such as in developing countries, we have integrated optical and bio-medical engineering to implement a device, which detects pathogens and displays test results using cell phones. The device employs DNA amplification and off-the-shelf components to obtain the diagnosis.
Calcium fluorescence-based optical recording combined with patch-clamp stimulation has become the standard technique for analyzing neural network behavior. At best, stimulation is limited to only a few channels in this case. Passive multielectrode arrays for two-dimensional electrophysiology only offer electrode densities of 60 electrodes per mm2. Here, we report an active multielectrode array, constructed...
A biomimetic carbon nanotube synapse, the portion of the neuron that receives inputs from other neurons, has been fabricated in the laboratory as an analog circuit. The waveforms input to the synapse and output from the synapse resemble biological waveforms in shape and relative amplitudes and durations. This working circuit is an important first step towards the use of nanotechnology for biomimetic...
Pressure ulcer is a critical problem for bed-ridden and wheelchair-bound patients, diabetics, and the elderly. Patients need to be regularly repositioned to prevent excessive pressure on a single area of body, which can lead to ulcers. Pressure ulcers are costly to treat and cause many other health problems, including death. The current standard for prevention is to reposition at-risk patients every...
Ambulatory devices can be used to detect heart diseases and save lives in critical time. These devices are based on sound classification that usually adopts a suitable data mining algorithm. This paper investigates the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) classifiers in classifying sound samples. SVM classifier makes use of a linearly separable hyperplane to...
In this poster, unique nanobioconjugation techniques to produce targeted nanoprobes with high fluorescence activation, establishing a highly enhanced fluorescence sensor system are presented. By diversifying conjugation styles to the AuNP surface, a ratio of targeting agents and dyes can be achieved for 100 time fold activation. Conjugation of fluorescence dyes for quenching is dependent on access...
Summary form only given. The design of smart functional nanosystems for theranostics requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and biological systems. Recent observations suggest that physical parameters of NPs, like size, shape and surface charge, can dramatically affect the behaviors of NPs in biological systems and might, in part, determine the bioapplications...
Break junctions have emerged as an important tool to interrogate electrical transport properties of molecules. A number of approaches have been reported for the fabrication of break junctions, including optical/e-beam lithography, electromigration, and electrochemical deposition of conductive materials. All of these are either time consuming (due to slow e-beam writing) or give low yield. We report...
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is an unexpected death caused by loss of heart function when the electrical impulses fired from the ventricles become irregular. Most common SCDs are caused by cardiac arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. They are mainly due to Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), myocardial ischaemia and cardiac arrhythmia. This paper aims at automating the recognition of ST-segment deviations...
A hemispherical antenna array consisting of 42 elements operating at a frequency of 1.8 GHz was proposed and simulated. The array elements are distributed on a hemisphere to be placed on a human's head. By considering the problem as a boundary valued problem and finding the electric and magnetic field inside the brain, a beamforming technique was used that made use of the orthogonality property of...
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