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This paper develops the droop control strategy to connect multiple different types of converters in parallel in an isolated single-phase low voltage microgrid. First, the traditional droop control for low voltage microgrids is explained. Then three different types of converters in a microgrid are described, and different droop equations are proposed for each converter to overcome the line impedance...
This paper develops a control strategy for converters in low voltage single phase isolated microgrids. Droop control technique for low voltage is used to control the active power as function of the voltage amplitude, and reactive power as function of frequency deviation. This control suppresses the use of physical communication between the power converters by simply utilizing local measurements, allowing...
This paper presents a novel voltage-based controller for frequency control in inverter-based isolated microgrids through load voltage regulation. The proposed controller, described here in detail, makes use of the load sensitivity to operating voltage to regulate load consumption. The performance of the controller is evaluated and validated through simulation studies on PSCAD/EMTDC based on medium...
The recent amendment to the IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE Std. 1547a-2014) is unleashing the application of advanced inverter functionalities to help mitigate voltage regulation problems commonly encountered in areas with high levels of PV penetration. This paper describes the experimental testing of some of the important autonomous functionalities...
The recent exponential growth of utility-interconnected PV systems has led to changes to IEEE 1547 - the standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. IEEE 1547a and IEEE 1547.8 are unleashing the application of advanced inverter functionalities, or grid support functions, for the purpose of minimizing adverse distribution system effects that are commonly encountered...
This paper deals with a system control for voltage and frequency regulation in stand-alone generation systems based on self-excited induction generators (SEIG). A three-wire hybrid topology composed by switchable capacitor banks and distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is considered. The DSTATCOM is controlled by proportional-resonant-derivative (PRD) controllers in association to proportional-integral...
This paper proposes a control scheme for a stand-alone DFIG-DC system where the stator and the rotor are connected to a dc load by an uncontrolled diode bridge and a VSI respectively. The stator frequency and the dc voltage regulation are achieved by a field oriented control, however, with respect to the classical ac stand alone DFIG, the role of the rotor currents is swapped, namely: the d-axis and...
The recently developed power electronic devices allow the flexibility of power and/or reactive power generation or consumption via electric vehicle charging. It is envisioned that a fleet of electric vehicles may provide auxiliary means for frequency and voltage regulation to improve the power quality and the stability of the power grid. This emerging technology is especially important for microgrid...
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in a simulated microgrid testbed that is characterized by photovoltaic (PV) power as the primary generation source. A PV source interfaced with BESS at the DC link has the advantage that it can emulate a conventional generator with the added attribute of providing reserve power. A microgrid test...
With the increasing popularity of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), they will be able to help the power grid by providing various ancillary services. In fact, recent studies have suggested that PEVs can participate in frequency regulation. In this paper, we consider offering both, i.e., combined, frequency and voltage regulation by PEVs. In this regard, we first investigate a set of constraints that...
The successful integration of intermittent and distributed electric generation from renewable resources can be viewed as a coordination problem at multiple scales in both space and time. This paper presents an overview of coordination issues relative to the goals for renewable integration in California.
This paper describes a system which is capable of frequency and voltage regulation during load changes on an islanded microgrid. The scaled microgrid model used in this paper consists of a synchronous generator, a solar panel with a single phase inverter, and a varying resistive load. The PV panel is connected to a boost converter which tracks a fraction of the solar panel's maximum power point. This...
This paper presents a control strategy for the autonomous (islanded) operation of a distributed generation (DG) unit. The DG unit supplies a balanced load through a voltage-sourced converter (VSC). To maintain the autonomous operation in the islanded mode, the DG unit should provide its dedicated load with a sinusoidal voltage with a constant magnitude and a constant frequency. The dynamic model of...
This paper deals with an implementation of an electronic load controller (ELC) using a digital signal processor (DSP) for regulating the voltage and frequency of an offgrid induction generator system (IG) that can supply electricity in remote areas of countries with high year-round rainfall. The proposed generating system consists of IG, ELC and nonlinear consumer loads. The ELC is combination of...
Three-phase self excited induction generator (SEIG) is increasingly getting attention for its use in distributed electricity generation and consumption viz wind, mini/micro hydro, biogas etc. The major advantage of induction generator over alternator includes its low cost, easy construction, ruggedness, maintenance free structure etc, whereas, varying demand of reactive power and poor voltage regulation...
This study is an attempt to address the frequency and voltage regulation inside of an islanded microgrid. Central demand response along with an adaptive hill climbing methodology is applied to a small islanded microgrid powered by a diesel generator. All dynamic models are developed in MATLAB/Simulink®. Simulation results show that the proposed method has the potential to suppress the frequency variations...
Due to the uncertainties associated with wind profiles, the load side voltage and frequency control of a wind dominated Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system is a challenging task. The performance of such a wind dominated hybrid RAPS system consisting of a diesel generator, fuel cell system, dump load and mains load is investigated in this paper. Integrating a fuel cell into the RAPS system enables...
A novel Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system consisting of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator, synchronous diesel generator system, battery storage system and a dump load is considered in this paper. A control coordination strategy is formulated with a view to regulate the system voltage and frequency within acceptable limits while extracting the maximum power available...
The paper addresses a novel scheme for the control of variable wind energy and energy storage plant such that the generation and energy storage can deliver a smooth and constant power as demanded by the grid load. In addition, the wind energy generators are assumed large compared to the local grid rating and will contribute to the voltage and frequency regulation of a grid using adaptive frequency...
This paper deals with parallel operation of 400Hz inverters in ground power units (GPU) for airplanes. For high-power 400-Hz inverters, the modulation frequency ratio is fairly low, which causes difficulties to the parallel operation. To reach low THD content in output voltage, resonant controllers are used for control of each 400-Hz inverter in the paralleled GPUs. With resonant controllers, very...
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