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We consider the problem of finding the optimal human-to-machine ratio for classification tasks, where humans and machines are abstracted as workload dependent and independent classifiers, respectively. The contribution is two-fold: 1. We generalize the mixed-initiative nested thresholding, i.e., a classification architecture that uses a primary workload-independent classifier and a secondary workload-dependent...
The Internet of Things (IoT) presents huge potential for designing new technologies. However it is not yet clear which of these technologies will actually be accepted as a part of our everyday lives. Alongside the development of prototypes and exploratory evaluations, other research methods could be useful in eliciting responses to future visions, and developing implications that can inform design...
The human in manual control of a dynamical system can use both feedback and feedforward control strategies and will select a strategy based on performance and required effort. Literature has shown that feedforward control is used during tracking tasks in response to predictable targets. The influence of an external disturbance signal on the utilization of a feedforward control strategy has never been...
Although the argument has been made quite strongly and perhaps convincingly that advanced, highly automated control rooms consisting of advanced digital information and control systems will be simpler to operate and maintain; the case can be made that this potential benefit will only be true to the extent that we successfully control the amount of complexity present for the operating crew. Borrowing...
The human factors involved in an unmanned aerial system (UAS) come in a variety of forms that has largely gone poorly represented in literature. In this paper, a holistic approach is taken to identify not only the individual aspects but the interconnection of the human-UAS interaction. First, an examination of human factors involved in a UAS are presented. Next, the metrics of human performance, such...
Human factors can play a significant role in the behavior of a system of systems. This is particularly true in collaborative system of systems, an example of which is the Smart Grid Demand Response. The Smart Grid Demand Response example is used in this paper to develop and prototype an approach to examine the impact of human factors (e.g., news stories and human interactions) on system of systems...
Weiser, and Brown predicted the era of Ubiquitous Computing but what they called the most profound change has been almost completely abandoned, overlooked or misrepresented. Designing calm technology requires a deeper understanding of how we multi-task, but it has the potential to becalm human computer interaction, decreasing stress, and mitigating human error as a cause of accidents.
Situation Awareness is a very successful concept that has built on traditional Human Factors models of information processing, mental workload, working memory and expertise. However these models do not capture the essential plasticity, variability, flexibility and vulnerability of real world human in the loop control and communication systems. A more encompassing concept is Knowledge Awareness that...
New ways of working such as globally distributed development or the integration of self-motivated external developers into software ecosystems will require a better and more comprehensive understanding of developers' feelings, perceptions, motivations and identification with their tasks in their respective project environments. User experience is a concept that captures how persons feel about products,...
Modeling human operator's behavior as a controller in a closed-loop control system finds applications in different areas such as training of operators by expert operator's model, tele-operation or developing warning systems for drivers. In this paper, first, an experimental setup has been developed for collecting data from human operators as they controlled a process with a DC motor, using the mouse...
Collecting data through a game with a purpose (GWAP) has become a popular approach due to its numerous benefits. However, lack of diversity in game mechanisms puts some limitations on the areas of application of GWAPs. In this paper, we introduce a new two-phase mechanism for collecting data via human-based computation games. In the first phase, the players are provided with an object and asked to...
Rework consumes large portions of software engineering budgets. Human factors, and Cognitive Bias in particular, have been shown in other disciplines to be implicated in the kinds of reasoning errors that lead to rework. Research of these phenomena in software engineering lags similar efforts in other disciplines. This study identifies the Performance Norms, standards by which Cognitive Biases are...
Ways in which people perceive machines as robots can influence their subsequent behavior and interactions. Individuals may make these classification decisions based solely on visual information, and thus the physical form of the entity alone. Participants viewed images of robots from a variety of identified domains and rated each image according to the extent to which they perceive the entity as a...
Theatre with robotic actors is an emerging field, with a few previous published results [1, 2, 3]. On the 14th of October 2011, we performed for a general public audience (over 300 persons) a 18 min long live theatre play, acted by professional actor Xavier Brossard and the LAAS/CNRS PR2 robot. The play was created and directed by Nicolas Darrot, a mixed-media artist from Paris.
The current understanding is that human-likeness of a robot leads to better human perception. However, the factors have not been thoroughly studied. We conducted a laboratory experiment to examine two questions: how verb acquisition ability affects human perceptions on human-likeness and familiarity of a humanoid robot, intention to use the robot, and enjoyment and satisfaction of the interaction,...
An important element of human-robot interaction, as with interhuman interaction, is conversation. Having previously suggested the Gricean maxims as suitable guidelines for social robotics dialogue, we discovered that a preferable alternative set of guidelines: politeness maxims. In this paper, we will introduce the politeness maxims and propose its enhanced applicability in human-robot interaction...
In this paper, I outline the scope and methodology of cultural studies and the possible applications in HRI. It is not just robots that interact with humans, but humans who interact with humans through the medium of robots. Culture is the context that informs all our actions. Cultural theory's eclectic methodology is useful for sifting through a large, multidisciplinary and cross-cultural field like...
Different media used to present the human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios may affect users' perception of a robot in the user studies. We investigated how different scenario media (text, video, and live interaction) might influence user evaluation of social robots based on a controlled experiment. We found that multiple aspects of user acceptance were influenced by the scenario media. Moreover,...
This paper examines the manual control of mechanical systems with oscillatory dynamics, and the effects of adding input shaping to suppress command-induced vibration. Behavior of the system is analyzed using concepts from manual control theory. A series of operator experiments tested tracking behavior using elements with a low-frequency (1.25 rad/s) and a high-frequency (5 rad/s) oscillatory mode...
The advantage of the proposed approach is that users can invent their own communication protocol (based on the knock patterns) to communicate with the creature. This approach is a novel concept to establish future human-robot communication protocols within many contexts or human centric applications. However, through symbolic communication (knock-based communication) a human is able to convey to the...
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