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Rehabilitation is a process (treatment) aimed at enabling recovery from injuries. Consequently, the patients rebuild their independence and return back to their normal life. For this reason, various systems have been developed such as Rehabilitation Gaming System (RGS), Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN), etc. Most of these systems use the Virtual Reality (VR) which has a positive...
In spine surgery, nerve complications are inevitable question for clinicians. Spinal surgery needs to monitor the complete function of the spinal cord and nerve root effectively. However, single neural electrophysiological monitoring technology has limited scope. Influenced by many factors such as anesthesia, blood pressure, body temperature, position, the variant neural signals need to be monitored...
Body machine interfaces (BMIs) are used by people with severe motor disabilities to control external devices, but they also offer the opportunity to focus on rehabilitative goals. In this study we introduced in a clinical setting a BMI that was integrated by the therapists in the rehabilitative treatments of 2 spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects for 5 weeks. The BMI mapped the user's residual upper...
The corticospinal tract (CST) is one of the descending tracts that carry the forelimb volitional information. Using flexible multi-electrode arrays (MEAs), the CST signals were recorded in rats during active and resting states. The power spectral density (PSD) of CST signals during the active state were notably higher than those observed during resting or anesthesia. Average inter-channel coherences...
Brachial plexus injury can occur as a result of trauma, inflammation or complications associated with general anesthesia. Trauma may be a direct blow, traction or stretch injury between neck and shoulder damaging the plexus to varying degrees. The prognosis depends on the extent and site of injury as well as the surgical procedures. We herein report two cases of brachial plexus injury: one was brachial...
The mining industry has previously been regarded as a high risk job with safety being the primary concern. Over the years, procedures have been enforced in order to reduce these risks however muscular injuries are still occurring at a significant rate. An assistive technology known as Lift Augmentation Device(LAD) has been in use to reduce the impact on a workers body. This paper provides a musculoskeletal...
Interaction between wearable robot and the user may cause skin injury, especially the pressure ulcers due to sustained pressure at the connection site. In this study, relationship between pressure ulcer breakout time and applied pressure which is the major cause of pressure ulcer is modeled using human experimental data. The model is proposed to be used to limit the wearable robot use time depending...
The etiology of neck pain is commonly evaluated by static X-Ray, CT or MRI images. Recently, we demonstrated that ultrasound (US) was capable of providing non-invasive, real-time, dynamic images of cervical spine functional spine units (FSU) ex-vivo that reflected their mechanical properties. In this work, we present a dual US system to measure the dynamic motion of cervical spine FSUs in-vivo for...
This paper presents the first musculoskeletal model and simulation of an upper plexus brachial injury. From this model, it is possible to analyze forces and movement ranges in order to develop a robotic exoskeleton to improve rehabilitation. The software that currently exists for musculoskeletal modeling is varied and most have advanced features for proper analysis and study of motion simulations...
Gait impairment due to neurological disorders is a significant problem around the world. Despite the growing interest in using robotic devices for gait rehabilitation, their widespread use remains limited as there is no clear evidence that robot-assisted gait therapy is superior to traditional treadmill-based therapy. This work is a case study that focuses on investigating the existence of mechanisms...
The purpose of the present case series was to investigate whether three lower limb rehabilitation training approaches have any effects on trunk stability of persons with motor complete SCI during a 10-minute assisted walk. These trainings included electrical stimulation (ES), standing retraining (SRT), and a novel multi-modality approach that combined ES with SRT. We observed that multi-muscle ES...
Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) is an established technique to assess recovery following peripheral nerve injury. In rats, where the vast majority of peripheral nerve research is conducted, assessing motor units at various time points requires a terminal procedure due to the invasive nature of current techniques. Here, we present an implanted system that was used to serially assess MUNE after...
We have developed a system that facilitates performance analysis of workers engaged in factory floor processes for commercial airliner production. The initial function of this system is to obtain demographically specific musculoskeletal models that reflect worker populations of interest. To this end we have developed an algorithm that adaptively tunes muscle parameters in generic musculoskeletal models...
Motor rehabilitation is one of the aspects which have great impact in the treatment of injuries, as they prevent that temporary disability due to an accident or illness, become permanently disabled. There are different types of motor rehabilitation carried out depending on the type of lesion and the patient characteristics; they can be grouped into passive rehabilitation, when exercises are performed...
Coactivation is the activation of two or more things together. Simultaneous activity of the muscles acting around a joint is known as muscle coactivation. Coactivation of knee muscles is considered to be an important phenomenon for the stabilization of knee joint. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the influence of gender on Coactivation ratio of agonist-antagonist muscle pair during maximum...
We describe a feasibility study in which the Microsoft Kinect is used for a game-based exercise to strengthen posterior chain muscles which are often weak in those at high risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In the game, subjects perform a single posterior chain strengthening exercise. The game uses a side-scrolling video display driven by a hip abduction exercise while a player lies...
In this methods paper, we report on the design of a clinical study testing the efficacy of a newly developed control scheme for robot-aided rehabilitation. To measure the value added by a new control scheme, we pursued a parallel-group controlled clinical study design. This approach enables comparing the effects of the novel scheme, based on the Assist-As-Needed (AAN) paradigm, with those of a less...
Electromyography (EMG) is used as medical tool to display muscle activity and gain information about the health status of the patients muscle function, which may be affected by many kind of diseases. Spasticity is caused by injuries of the central nervous system, which may occur in consequence of stroke or as concomitant of multiple sclerosis. If the muscle function is influenced by spasticity, there...
Athletes use kinesiology tape to help work through injuries and increase performance. Kinesiology tape manufacturers claim that these tapes may improve strength, blood flow, and range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this pilot study is to analyze the validity of these claims through evaluation of biomechanical parameters (strength, ROM, muscle activity, and muscle oxygenation) that may potentially...
We previously proposed a motion support robot and conducted experiments in which a C5-level cervical cord injury patient used the system. This paper proposes to offer motion support to a C4-level spinal cord injury patient who suffers from paralysis of the limbs. Electromyogram (EMG) signals are used to determine the user's intentions. The proposed motion assist robot can then support flexion and...
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