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In this paper the performance of a maximum power point technique, which is suitable for photovoltaic applications to sustainable mobility, is documented. The approach is based on the use of one DC/DC converter per sub-section of the photovoltaic array, with a central controller that changes the duty cycle of each DC/DC converter in a way that the current injected into the battery is maximized. The...
Electric Bicycles (EBs) provide a promising sustainable mobility solution. Despite the huge number of research and development activities, the battery pack is still the Achilles' heel of electric vehicles. The dilemma arises between energy content, weight and cost of the batteries. A potential remedy is Regenerative Braking (RB). The main idea of RB is to recover the highest possible amount of kinetic...
Municipal mobility agencies have tried to reduce the carbon footprint of their bus fleets using a range of options over the years, from biofuels and hydrogen to batteries and hybrid-electric diesel. A possible alternative to these options, could be the use of ultracapacitors and their capacity to offer a greener and most economical way of powering city buses. Compared to lithium-ion batteries ultracapacitors...
In order to improve air quality in the Controlled Traffic Zone “Area C” of Milan, in addition to the rules already in force, two topics now under consideration by the municipality are the increase of car-sharing and measures to stimulate the use of electric vehicles, including their adoption for the last-mile delivery of goods. The paper presents the evaluation of the potential benefits of electric...
This article describes an innovative system named JTG-HP for the direct injection of Liquid Propane Gas (LPG) in the liquid state in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Until recently propane vehicles have commonly used a vapor pressure system, wherein the propane would be vaporized and mixed with combustion air in the intake plenum of the engine. This leads to lower efficiency as more air, rather...
New researches suggest that the price of lithiumion batteries could fall dramatically by 2020, creating conditions for the widespread adoption of electrified vehicles in the markets. The aim of this work is to analyze the behavior of titania nanotubes acting as anode for lithium ion batteries. Titania is chemically stable, economically competitive, nontoxic, and an environmental sustainable. Potentiostatic...
This paper presents a software tool that has been developed to model, investigate and simulate the behavior of a photovoltaic generator to be installed on a generic non-planar surface. The innovative aspect of the tool is the possibility to consider any kind of surfaces, also curved and moving ones. The tool has been developed in the Matlab environment and allows the user to analyze any kind of surface...
In future electric vehicles are dependent on renewable energy sources to provide the electricity required for sustainable mobility. This paper examines the results of a cost-efficient renewable energy supply simulation for fast charge and battery switch stations of electric vehicles. Typical feed-in characteristics of photovoltaics, offshore and onshore wind power in Germany are used hereby. Overall...
Improving energy efficiency and curbing CO2 emissions are ones of the top priority issues that need to be addressed by the automotive manufacturers, when pursing sustainable mobility. Automakers have set their own strategies to improve fuel economy and to reduce CO2 emissions. Nissan's action, triple layered approach, focuses on not only vehicle technology evolution, but also human factors (eco-driving...
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