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Collagen fibrils contribute to the structural integrity and crack resistance of bone, but their response to stress while in bundles of fibrils is not well known. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful technique for measuring strain by comparing images of deformed samples to non-deformed samples, while second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) captures bright, high contrast images of bone...
Bone is a complex hierarchical natural composite. Its ability to accumulate damage and avert catastrophic failure is determined in part by its quality that is dependent on factors like bone material quality, bone micro-architecture and bone turnover. The hierarchy of bone, which ranges six orders of magnitude, also contributes significantly to toughening its matrix. Recently, non-collageneous proteins...
Natural materials such as bone, shell, tendon and the attachment system of gecko exhibit multi-scale hierarchical structures. Here we summarize some recent studies on an idealized self-similar hierarchical model of bone and bone-like materials, and discuss mechanical principles of self-similar hierarchy, in particular to show how the characteristic length, aspect ratio and density at each hierarchical...
In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) sol composed of nanosized HA particles was incorporated into collagen gel to regulate cell-mediated collagen contraction. Human bone marrow derived stromal cells (hMSCs) were cultured for 37 days in gels with HA to collagen ratios of 0:1, 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1, respectively. The contraction of gels was evaluated by measuring diameter change with incubation time,...
The human mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial, hepatocyte and neuron cells, when hMSCs are exposed to certain physical and chemical stimulants. It is hoped that the differentiation of hMSCs into certain cell types in certain in-vitro conditions can provide for treatment of the certain disease and pathologic situation. The...
Although mechanical stress has been shown to regulate bone modeling and remodeling, the mechanisms of bone remodeling after mechanical stress loading are not fully understood. We previously investigated the effects of loading of cyclic mechanical stretch on the activaties of JNK and p38 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells, and observed that JNK and p38 were activated by the mechanical stress. The patterns...
A dasiasystems-levelpsila computational modeling approach is implemented to study the mechano-regulation of bone at cellular level. Issues addressed using this approach include - determining the intra-cellular response of bone cells to mechanical stimulus, bone response to different mechanical loading conditions, the role of intra-cellular feedback regulation in bone remodeling, and the link between...
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