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Seawater samples were collected from the coastal area along the Lebanese coast. The samples were fertilized using Guillards F/2 medium and cultured in 2 L flasks. Out of five promising blooms, three were selected and cultured in 70 L cylinders and in 300 L raceway ponds under greenhouse conditions. A culture of Chlorella "marine" was used as reference. The growth dynamics were determined...
The design is bio-fuel raw material drying equipment which is cross-flow belt dryer based on high-temperature hot water as the medium. According to the drying experiments, obtained the drying curve of materials at different temperatures. Through the experimental data, the general parameters of dryer were determined. The features of this design is that heat from the high-temperature hot which comes...
The transesterification reaction of beef tallow to biodiesel using Cs2O/γ-Al2O3 as a solid base catalyst was studied. Response surface methodology and central composite rotation design were employed to optimize the reaction conditions. The optimum conditions giving 95.5% biodiesel yield were: reaction time 120 min, temperature 66°C, catalyst amount 5.3% (based on the weight of oil), molar ratio of...
Biogas is a renewable energy carrier and the production of biogas is associated with double benefits: elimination of environmental pollution problems is coupled with the generation of useful energy. Biogas technologies commonly apply natural anaerobic consortia of microbes. This is partly due to the fact that, from a microbiological aspect, this is a very complicated and complex system. Moreover,...
To develop industry of putting jatropha curcas L. as biological diesel fuel In Guizhou province, which covered with mountains here and there, is in leading position in the world now, comparative speaking, as a biological diesel fuel the jatropha curcas L. is a renewable and environment-friendly fuel, it is a typical green fuel. Therefore, it could accelerate the speed of energy replacement which use...
We apply systems thinking to the background, complexity and weaknesses of liquid biofuel lifecycle assessments and propose a new way of approaching the problem. The history of corn-based ethanol in North America is illustrative of the problematic interdependencies that can arise when decisions about liquid biofuel are made without comprehensive systems analysis [17]. At the direction of Congress [25],...
Up to now the direct use of crude bio-oil as transportation fuel has been an impossible goal due to the thermal instability and some other drawbacks of bio-oil. In this paper, we use a simple method to accomplish the goal. Bio-oil and bio-diesel are potential renewable and carbon-neutral alternative to fossil fuel. We mix bio-oil and bio-diesel to get the emulsion using octanol as the emulsifier....
Renewable energy is one of the vital sources to meet partially the global energy demand of developed as well as developing countries. Biogas plant can be one of the major sources of renewable energy in Malaysia as huge amount of palm oil waste is available. Biogas plant can be of different types of which fixed dome and floating cover are in use in many countries for many years. The bag design is becoming...
The energy shortage and environment pollution is attracting more and more attention with the social development. Hence it is important to develop new energy and renewable energy that are bio-energy, wind energy, solar energy, small waterpower, tide energy, terrestrial heat energy, and hydrogen energy and so on. The research of distributed power system with the solar and wind power is the leading domain...
A brief history of the Brazilian ethanol industry and its success is presented, such as, today the ethanol consumption for car's fuel supply is higher, cheaper and very much cleaner than the gasoline fuel. In continuation, some of the fallacious myths against the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol are refuted. The evolution of the Brazilian ethanol power industry is showed. Brazil has a potential of, at...
This paper studies the technological, economic and public policy issues and opportunities in developing a renewable energy economy based on devices of less than 5KW, suitable for retail marketing. The research question is whether such systems can be popularized in the retail marketplace to the extent that families and non-governmental organizations will adopt them on a scale that substantially augments...
In response to the escalating energy crisis and related pollution problems verified worldwide, it is essential to assume new energy technologies that use renewable energy sources in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. Accordingly, biomass appears as a renewable, clean, and widely available source. This paper focuses in biogas production from livestock manure by using anaerobic digesters...
Climate change as well as the growing import dependency - especially of the European Union - afford stringent measures. The new energy strategy of the EU sets challenging goals particularly regarding the future share of renewable energies. Especially the electricity production from renewable energies is of special interest because questions concerning storage and system integration are more difficult...
The following topics are dealt with: cogeneration; fuel saving; renewable energy sources modelling; tidal energy; biomasses; biofuels; fuel cell based energy systems; photovoltaic systems; power quality; environmental aspect; renewable energy grid integration; renewable energy availability; grid maintenance; grid reliability; distributed generation; grid control strategy; energy storage systems technology;...
Biobased production of fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to issues of national security regarding US fossil fuel consumption and concerns about the environmental impacts of burgeoning greenhouse gases. Currently, most ethanol production in the US uses corn as the feedstock. However, corn production significantly contributes to water quality degradation,...
Renewable energy systems such as wind, solar and biomass are significantly more land intensive than traditional fossil fuels. Moreover, their environmental implications are highly geographically heterogeneous. Consequently, they present a significant challenge to existing life cycle assessment techniques. Four specific issues are identified in this paper: determining changes in land use due to increased...
A renewable hybrid power generation system is proposed. The motivation for the system is that grid power is often unreliable, limited or even nonexistent remote/rural areas such as forward operating bases and schools and hospitals in developing countries. The challenge of this system is to provide a reliable, cost-effective power management system that is scalable and uses renewable energy sources...
The following topics are dealt with: solar PV; renewable energy socio-economic aspects; wind energy; solar thermal energy; biomass energy; biogas energy.
The objective of this study is to provide an innovation in pyrolysis technology to the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from biomass solid wastes. A fixed-bed fire-tube heating pyrolysis reactor system has been designed and fabricated considering all of the process parameters and present engineers challenge. The available agricultural waste-jute stick in Bangladesh has been pyrolyzed in the internally...
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