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In a heterogeneous cellular network (HCN), multiple tiers are employed to improve the network coverage probability. For this purpose, different properties of the coverage probability of an HCN should be studied carefully. This paper is classified into two main parts. First, a tight upper bound for the coverage probability of an HCN is derived. It is shown that this upper bound can be used as a good...
Network operators are constantly trying to increase their capacity and coverage at minimal cost. Femtocells are low cost base stations that are deployed indoors either by home users or by network operators to increase capacity and coverage. As femtocells are randomly deployed, this causes an increase in the interference. This ultimately reduces the quality of service (QoS) and also affects the fairness...
Femtocell is one of the micro base station technologies, use low power levels and operates in licensed spectrum and connected to the Internet with backhaul networks, which is used to expand the coverage and increase capacity, and the installation is auto configuration. The basic of this technology is due to the difficulties of mobile user to get the best signal from base station, one of them is the...
This paper presents a framework to carry out an optimal power flow in a coordinated multi area decentralized system. An AC optimal power flow model is used for independent optimal dispatch of each area while the global economic optimal of whole electric energy system is achieved. This is achieved by means of the interior point optimization procedure. In this approach, each participant tries to maximize...
This paper analyses some issues related to the transmission cost allocation for grids with open access. Allocation methods based on electricity tracking are presented and compared with methods based on sensitivities as well as with the postage stamp rate. The main purpose is to appraise in a critical manner the practicality of these methods and their capacity to send efficient economical signals....
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