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Fuel cell power systems offer a unique combination of high efficiency, wide size range, modularity, and compatibility with cogeneration. The development of complete energy systems that realize the benefits offered by fuel cell technology requires a basic understanding of fuel cell system components as well as the associated power electronics for different applications. This paper explains the basic...
Telstra's telecommunication network covers a diverse area, which is subject to Australia's challenging environmental factors. These factors present challenges to the network and can prominently affect Telstra's remote sites, especially off-grid sites. This paper presents the key findings of using stationary fuel cells at these remote sites. The fuel cells implemented by Telstra are indirect methanol...
Currently, battery electric vehicles are the most popular EV commercially available. However, there is a growing interest for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCVs) because the latest battery technologies do not ensure a comparable range to that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, due to the unidirectional nature of energy transformation in a FCV, auxiliary storage systems are necessary to recover...
Current auxiliary power unit (APU) system in aircraft is heavy, noisy and inefficient, so a new form of power source to replace the engine mounted generator technologies is in demand. As a green power source, fuel cell is discussed in this paper to study the feasibility of the system as an APU. This paper investigates different fuel cell applications, and qualitative analysis shows that proton exchange...
This paper treats the sizing and Energy Management (EM) of Fuel Cell/battery source for automotive application. The fuel cell system is used as the main source and batteries pack is the auxiliary one. A bidirectional DC/DC converter is used to connect the batteries to the DC bus and a DC/DC boost converter associates the fuel cell stack with DC link. A sizing algorithm is developed to determine the...
A Fuel Cell Oxygen Tree is a combination of Artificial Oxygen Tree (AOT) and Fuel Cell (FC). AOT is use to obtain Hydrogen (for fuel) and Oxygen (to be emitted in the air) by performing sea water electrolysis; with the help of PV (Photovoltaic) panels to generate electricity from solar energy installed on the top of the trees. FC is a device which perform reverse electrolysis by using hydrogen as...
This paper presents an optimal energy management of a Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitor power source based on Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic for vehicular applications. First, the modeling of the Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitor hybrid source which presents a better dynamic performance and energy efficiency is described. Then, the optimal control problem formulation based on the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm...
Many medium sized Italian cities present pollution problems, due to their geographical position and climate conditions and mainly due to congested traffic flows. Impacts on the health of residents are becoming more frequent and also risky. Thus different policies have been proposed to reduce environmental effects. Among these, the use of low or zero emission vehicles both for private and public transport...
During operation, fuel cells do not only generate electricity but also heat, which is emitted through surface of the cell. This article aims to determine surface temperature of a low-temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell under varying load, where the temperature is measured via infrared thermography. With this method, the thermal field dispersal is quantified remotely. To contrast with surface...
The world is beginning to embrace a transition from fossil fuel-based energy production and distribution methods to renewable energy-based methods. This is becoming more and more evident as governments around the world enact standards and regulations that require energy portfolios to be composed of ever-growing portions of renewable production. However, as this transition develops many questions and...
This paper proposes a strategy base on a Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) algorithm to reduce the fuel consumption in hybrid fuel cell/photovoltaic power systems. The strategy is focused on increasing the power produced by the photovoltaic (PV) generator to reduce the fuel needed to supply the load. Such an improvement is achieved by reducing the effect of shadows over the system, which...
The paper reports the results of a study for moving the present diesel-based watercraft propulsion technology used for public transportation in Venice city and lagoon to a more efficient and smart electric propulsion technology, in view of its adopted in a near future. Energy generation and storage systems, electrical machines and drives, as well as economic, environmental and social issues are presented...
The excess photovoltaic produced energy goes to water electrolysis system during the daylight (surplus) hours to generate hydrogen to be stored in hydrogen tank for later use. The fuel cell generates electricity using the stored hydrogen as fuel to meet the load demand when the PV produced power is insufficient. A feasibility study and techno-economic evaluation of a stand-alone Photovoltaic/Fuel...
Hydrogen-powered vehicles have long shown great potential to displace fuel. However, due to the lack of infrastructure and the high cost of the components, the technology has not yet been introduced in the market. On the other hand, current battery electric ve hic les (BEVs) also hold great promise, but their market penetration is limited due to their range. This study seeks to address the limitations...
In the recent years there is an increasing interest in fuel cell technology and fuel cells have reached a high development status. This development was mostly advanced by the automotive industry and residential applications, because fuel cells are suitable to substitute the fossil fuels and also to provide an environment friendly propulsion. But there is also a growing market for stationary fuel cell...
This paper describes the modelling and control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Fuel cells are expected to play an important role in both stationary and mobile applications. Generally, during fuel cell stacks operation, the hydrogen flow is maintained constant and is imposed by required maximum current. This could result in fuel stagnation. To ovoid this problem, this paper proposes...
Control system design of PEMFC systems has been focused mostly on the electrical power side, where auxiliary battery or supercapacitor are connected either by direct parallel integration or with single, multiple or multi-input single output DC-DC converters, with the PEMFC left running at constant predetermined hydrogen flow rates. The control strategy is simply adapted to balance the voltage and...
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is attractive as fuel for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) because of its high energy density. The authors have proposed and made a hydrogen generation system which uses sodium borohydride as fuel before now. However, as for this system, there has been a problem in the velocity of hydrogen generation under low-temperature water environment. This paper examined citric...
Massive utilization of fossil fuels presents serious environmental threats. In this context, today the development of renewable energies is an urgent issue. Due to the stochastic nature of renewable energy sources an energy storage is needed in renewable energy generation systems. Hydrogen-based energy storage system or hydrogen buffer can help to stabilize unregulated renewable energy generation...
Currently, fossil fuels as main energy source to fulfill world's energy demand is depleting fast. Their waste products are also causing global environment problems. One of the solutions is to replace the existing fossil fuel energy systems by the hydrogen energy system. This paper presents a small electrical energy generator based on solar-hydrogen fuel cell. The system comprises solar modules, electrolyzer,...
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