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DC distribution is emerging as a solution for data centers, however the optimal system architectures have not been established in the industry. This paper first reviews the most recent studies, products and activities of DC distribution in data centers. A hybrid AC and DC distribution architecture is introduced by using both 415V AC and 380V DC together to achieve the data center reliability requirements...
Nowadays fuel cell based vehicles are considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuel propelled vehicles. However, despite the advantages associated to fuel cells, there are a number of drawbacks that must be overcome through the design of the control strategy and the powertrain design. The use of power management strategies is intended to reduce the fuel consumption while fulfilling...
This paper deals with energy and economic analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with storage. According to the current Italian market rules, the first goal is to calculate the capacities of PV systems and batteries corresponding to the cost-optimal solution. Then, cost-effective solutions are investigated to maximize self-consumption, minimizing grid injections. Simulations are performed...
This paper provides a detailed comparative analysis of optimal sizing of battery-only, ultracapacitor-only, and battery–ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) for a plug-in electric city bus (PECB). It is shown how the configuration affects the optimal size of the ESS. The problem of optimal sizing of the storage system for the PECB is formulated and solved for a specific set of vehicle...
This paper addresses availability of power infrastructure in data centers and associated costs for downtime. Special attention is given to modeling of solar power sources in terms of availability as well as their implementation into critical infrastructure and the justification for their implementation from cost perspective. Influence on overall electrical reliability and availability of infrastructure...
The Democratic Republic of Congo is facing a dramatic electricity crisis. For the population, the access to electricity is 1% in rural areas, 30% for cities and 9% nationally. Energy supply based on renewable energy source is one of the promising solutions for now or in the future to deal with the limited fossil fuel resources as well as the emission of harmful waste. Out of various renewable resources...
The overall mass, size and cost of a propulsion system (which comprises the fuel cell stack and hydrogen tank, dc/dc converters, and energy storage devices) implemented in a fuel cell based vehicle, not only depends on the implemented propulsion system topology and control strategy, but also on the driving profile and the fuel cell operating features. This paper analyzes the impact of both the driving...
Underwater sensors of water flow share issues addressed independently by manufacturers. Power has become the most demanding concern since availability of cheap memory has removed data storage as the limit for self-contained current meters. Neither power nor memory is a limit with cabled observatory instruments but for autonomous installations, improvement in batteries is valuable but not sufficient...
With the development of wireless communication technology, various wireless networks will exist with different features in same premises. Heterogeneous networks will be dominant in the next generation wireless networks. In such networks choose the most suitable network for mobile user is one of the key issues. Vertical handoff decision making is one of the most important topics in wireless heterogeneous...
At PUES Corporation we have developed an electric drive system suitable for small vehicles and motorcycles that transports heavy loads. The replacement of the energy sources from fossil fuels reduces the greenhouse gases. The key point in this development is the expandability to be used for a wide range of applications, in order to make effective cost reductions through mass production. The developed...
Between July 2011 and March 2012 a group of eight electric vehicles have been monitored while operating either as part of a local taxi fleet or as a service vehicle for local authorities. With these vehicles a total distance of 38078 km was covered in that period. Analysis of the monitoring data gives results that are in line with these applications. These vehicles are operating mostly in urban and...
This piece of research uses interviews with electric vehicle users to explore discrepancies between these users, vehicle manufacture strategies and government policies. Within the backdrop of a changing climate it is imperative that these mismatches are explored and documented so that strategy and policy can be focused in the most appropriate direction. This piece of work has found that policy and...
The incremental cost for increasing the power of Li-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) is moderate. Hence, the reduction of fuel consumption by using battery power at high vehicle speeds rather than engine power results in high net present value for the total cost of the battery and future fuel savings. The variation of designed efficiency at rated power is also evaluated to...
Market development of electric vehicles in the coming years is a highly relevant issue for many stakeholders, e.g. automobile- and energy-industry, investors as well as policy makers and the public. The market forecasts, however, differ strongly and underlying assumptions are often hard to find. Furthermore, for stakeholders from such diverse fields it can be difficult to convey their own assumptions...
The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has advanced rapidly over the past decades. Researchers and engineers have concentrated on the improvement of EV performance through the advances in batteries, motors, converters, controllers and relevant auxiliaries, with great successes. Now, it comes to the stage of commercialization! It is important to understand various cost issues and the business models...
This paper investigates the influence of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) on the cost and emission of electricity. Based on the data collected from Melbourne in Australia, the power system with EVs and the power system with both EVs and RESs have been simulated to compare with conventional power systems in terms of the cost and emission of electricity. The simulation results...
Conventional NPV analysis often reveals that the price of electricity produced by solar energy technology is significantly higher than that produced by fossil fuel using power plants. In the context of Bangladesh, this difference becomes more marked because the government of Bangladesh subsidizes the grid electricity, offering it to consumers at a cost below the cost of production. As a result, any...
This paper is aimed at calculating the power demand of a combined irrigation and domestic load in Toshka area, Toshka, Egypt. The pipe line system for irrigation is designed. An economic feasibility study has been made for hybrid PV-wind system to power this combined load. Sizing of the hybrid system components was investigated using MATLAB Code and HOMER Package. The energy cost values of the hybrid...
This paper demonstrates that the incorporation of optimally-rated energy storage units and renewable generators into a remote microgrid, in conjunction with an optimal dispatching strategy, can result in substantial reduction in the microgrid lifetime cost and emission. The application of such a microgrid can be in the electrification of off-grid remote communities which, typically, heavily depend...
This paper demonstrates that optimal selection of renewable power generators and energy storage devices in a grid-connected micro-grid, in conjunction with an optimal dispatch strategy, can significantly reduce the micro-grid lifetime cost and emission. The paper presents a mathematical model and optimization algorithm to identify the optimal micro-grid configuration (in terms of the installed capacities...
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