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Simulations have shown that space-charge effects can lead to regular modulation of photoemitted beams in vacuum diodes with gap sizes on the order of 1 $\mu $ m and accelerating voltage on the order of 1 V. These modulations are in the terahertz regime and can be tuned by simply changing the emitter area or accelerating vacuum field. The average current in the diode corresponds to the Child-Langmuir...
Numerical 3D PIC code simulations show that Slow-Wave-Structures SWSs demonstrate excellent potential as a virtual dielectric in a Cherenkov based Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO). CST Microwave Studio confirms internal mode coupling between a volume TM0,6 and surface HE20,1 modes resulting in the creation of a high-Q cavity, necessary for the Cherenkov mechanism to be exploited. MAGIC 3D demonstrates...
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