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Under partially shaded conditions, series connection of PV modules results in the flow of lowest current in the PV string, thus reducing the power output. To maximize power output, it is necessary to ensure that maximum possible current flows in the string. This needs current equalization across the modules. To achieve this, a converter is connected in parallel with each PV module. This converter...
A novel characterization setup for integrated capacitor array mismatch determination is presented. The biasing of twenty capacitor units and the selection of a specific array are controlled by externally generated digital signals. Information about the spatial matching behavior is provided for an entire MIM capacitor array, where the relevant parameters are the standard deviations ??(??Ci / C) and...
This paper proposes using a Z-source inverter for grid interconnected photovoltaic (PV) system (Z-SPV). In this paper, besides boosting PV array voltage to required value, maximum power point tracking, and interfacing to the grid, a Z-source based grid connected photovoltaic system is used as a reactive power compensator (RPC). Its main feature is the capability to compensate the reactive currents...
We present an on-chip word line (WL) dual supply system for server class embedded DRAM (eDRAM) applications. The design consists of switched capacitor charge pumps, voltage regulators, reference and clock circuits. Charge pump engines feature efficient charge transfer and energy conversion, boosting unregulated rails to 1.8x supply. At vdd=1 V, regulated high (1.5 to 1.7 V) and low (-0.3 to -0.6 V)...
The reliability of advanced embedded non-volatile memories has been discussed using the 2T-FNFN devices example. The write/erase endurance and the data retention are the most important reliability parameters. The intrinsic reliability mechanisms can be addressed through single cell evaluation, while the cell-to-cell variation determines the product level reliability. The cell-to-cell variation can...
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