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The economic feasibility and infrastructure optimization of in-motion wireless power transfer (WPT) in the U.S. is evaluated using dynamic vehicle models integrated with GPS stamped real world drive cycle data. Results show total vehicle level savings greater than the WPT electric vehicle (EV) purchase price with a societal level infrastructure payback time of 11.3 years at 25% fleet penetration for...
This paper aims to realize an eco-comparison among power-train configurations of hybrid busses in terms of performance, fuel consumption and CO2 emission. The present study has been carried out in the context of the international research program PLACIS (PLAteforme Collaborative d'Ingénierie Systèmes). In this work, experimental data of a pure electric power-train, evaluated in a dedicated laboratory...
Electric vehicles represent a promising choice to decrease pollution and reducing fossil fuel consumption. However, their limited autonomy poses a challenge that prevents them from being suitable for many car users. Several practical solutions are sought to avoid this problem, in particular one may think of enhancing the battery capacity, reducing the charging time, or increasing the frequency of...
In the paper, a PESTLE (political, economic, social, technical, legal, and environmental) analysis is used to conduct an initial evaluation for electric vehicles (EV) and gasoline cars. Furthermore, two cash flow models are created to describe the scenarios of both gasoline and electric car respectively. Based upon the proposed models, the equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) methodology is used...
The possibility of large-scale deployment of Electric Vehicles raises significant issues for electric utilities. It is recognized that for drivers EVs save money, reduce emissions, and increase energy independence and fun to drive. Certainly, EVs can create benefits for utilities if their integration is properly done. This paper presents an extensive study on the impacts of EVs on the distribution...
The introduction of alternative propulsion concepts in public transport makes significant contributions to further reduce pollutants emitted by transport systems (noise, air pollutants). This paradigm shift is a major challenge for public transport operators. Operational performance of heavy duty vehicles depends on many different factors such as climatic conditions, load profiles (e.g. variations...
The successful transition of fully electric vehicle into automotive market is plagued with expensive product prices and limited drive range. While manufacturers point to fuel saving benefits, the actual cost savings after the first battery replacement presents negative economics. Hence it is necessary to maximise the fuel saving costs and to prolong the battery life as much as possible. The situation...
The deployment of Electrical Vehicles (EV) is not taking place at the expected rate. Consumers' tendency to value losses higher than gains works against electric vehicles when comparing them to traditional solutions. In this context, added value services may support business models with additional incomes, business differentiation or appealing mobility concepts. In the frame of the Green eMotion FP7...
This paper presents workplace charging needs from two perspectives: the potential needs based on modelling and the needs based on survey results. These approaches both examine workplace needs from what people need to increase usage of the cars, and what workplace charging they will they actually use. The analysis reveals that for California driving patterns, chargers at the workplace can increase...
While there is great interest in predicting market prospects for electric vehicles, most results to date have been notoriously inaccurate. A better approach, set out in the present paper, may be to look at broader social trends and consider a wider range of vehicle systems and personal mobility models. Following clear trends in military vehicle technology, this model may well show an increased shift...
This paper presents four innovative business models that are being developed in three countries to support the commercialisation of electric vehicles (EV). Using an original business model framework and interviews with EV company founders and directors, we analyse partnership strategies along the EV value chain (France and US) and the coexistence of competing business models (China). Findings emphasise...
By 2050 there will be two billion cars on the world's roads. How many of those will be electric vehicles? To gain a significant share of that market, EVs must be affordable to the average citizen. Implementation begins in developed nations and, as mass production lowers the unit cost, vehicles can be exported to other countries. Government has several important roles. It starts with government-financed...
Market development of electric vehicles in the coming years is a highly relevant issue for many stakeholders, e.g. automobile- and energy-industry, investors as well as policy makers and the public. The market forecasts, however, differ strongly and underlying assumptions are often hard to find. Furthermore, for stakeholders from such diverse fields it can be difficult to convey their own assumptions...
Electric vehicles are expected to have a significant impact on electricity grids. Intelligent charging strategies are suggested by literature and tested in the field to prevent overloading of network assets in electricity grids by using the flexibility of electro-mobility. This paper covers an analysis of a fleet of electric vehicles that were measured for more than a year and assesses the amount...
UK greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are mandated by law to be 80% lower in 2050 than in 1990. In an effort to reduce transport emissions, vehicle manufacturers have recently introduced new electric vehicle technologies to the UK market. A number of empirical studies have shown that consumer attitudinal barriers are inhibiting the adoption of new vehicle technologies. This study was established to develop...
This paper focuses on an energy economic analysis of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), specifically driving long distances and thus requiring a means of range extension. Under investigation are three range extension technologies: fast charging, battery switching and driving with an on-board micro internal combustion engine. Simulations of renewable power plant portfolios in 27 European countries show...
With the rapid development of smart grid, the large scale vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electric vehicles (EVs) will been widely applied. However, the interaction between EVs and the power grid will bring many challenges. In order to lighten the adverse influence on the grid operation, the regional EV load should be estimated in advance. By thoroughly considering the impact factors of regional EV load on...
In this paper, simplified EV power train models are developed for new and existing production vehicles. The models are developed based on published vehicle parameters and range information for the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Roadster. The models are compared with published manufacturer specifications for range under various route and driving conditions, and for various drive cycles. The models are additionally...
With technology development of Electric Vehicles (EVs), whole vehicle charging will be the main method of EVs adding energy in the future. The whole vehicle charging station provides charging services by off-broad chargers for EVs, According to characteristics of whole vehicle charging station, this paper presents a mathematical model based on the queue theory of operations research to optimize the...
Batteries are often used as energy storage in hybrid and electric vehicles. Despite of the development, technical characteristics of batteries are the most limiting factor for further increasing the energy conversion efficiency and pure electric operation of these vehicles. In this research, dual-source energy storage system, a battery pack and ultracapacitors, has been studied by simulation of hybrid...
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