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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) were designed for monitoring environment that is difficult to access. The energy of each node has its limit and cannot be replaced or recharged. All components of WSNs must be an energy efficient component, not only hardware component but also software component. Energy efficient routing protocol can prolong the networks lifetime. Reactive WSNs is addressed in this...
Spatially unbalanced energy consumption among sensors is the most important issue in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This uneven energy consumption can significantly reduce network lifetime. The use of sink mobility with constrained paths and decreasing the message flood by limiting the flood area can help to improve the energy efficiency in WSNs. Maximum Amount Shortest Path routing (MASP) is an...
The use of hierarchical structure in a wireless sensor network such as the Smart Grid can significantly improve monitoring networks through the use of data aggregation techniques. This reduces the processing at the central server as well as allowing for localized processing and decision-making at the nodes. However, existing routing protocols such as LEACH suffer from limited support for upstream...
One of the most important challenges in heterogeneous wireless sensor network (WSN) is to design a routing protocol that use energy efficiently to prolong the lifetime of the entire network due to the limited battery power of sensor nodes. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose Sector-Chain Based Clustering (SCBC) Routing Protocol, in which, entire network area is divided into sectors (clusters),...
Energy minimization is of great importance in wireless sensor networks in extending the battery lifetime. One of the key activities of nodes in a WSN is communication and the routing of their data to a centralized base-station or sink. Routing using the shortest path to the sink is not the best solution since it will cause nodes along this path to fail prematurely. We propose a cross-layer energy...
Performance advancements in acoustic communication technology have fostered to provide technical platform for numerous interdisciplinary applications ranging from bathymetry, hydrographic surveys, disaster prevention, to tactical surveillance over underwater sensor networks (UWSN). Supporting real-time data transmission over error-prone UWSN is increasingly important as these networks become more...
In Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors are generally battery powered devices. This networks is used to gather various kinds of information to Base station (BS). They consist of computational power, storage capacity, energy supply are the important issues in their energy constraint. To maximize the network lifetime, we need not only to minimize total energy consumption and also balance WSN load. In this...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consisting of independent and distributed sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. Routing protocols represent an essential aspect of the performance of mobile wireless networks. This paper presents a comparative analysis between several routing algorithms and their impact on the performance of WSN. The performance...
We evaluate a routing metric, called TXPFI, which captures the expected number of frame transmissions needed for successful delivery of data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) featuring non-fully cooperative nodes and unreliable links. The study, which addresses the exploitation of the TXPFI in routing protocols of distance-vector type, assesses the impact of different network settings on the performance...
In this paper, we present the results of the comparison of three reactive routing protocols for Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), AODV, DYMO and RPL. For the purpose of performance evaluation, detailed comparisons are made with AODV and DYMO. Simulations are run to estimate the network topology change, routing overhead and average packet End-to-End Delay. We simulate RPL with COOJA based on contiki...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) often need to operate under strict requirements on energy consumption and be capable of self-adapting to the presence of non-trusted nodes which do not fully cooperate in the packet forwarding operation. In such an environment, the mechanism employed for the calculation of routing paths of minimum cost in terms of the number of transmissions executed for the reliable...
In this paper we focus on beacon-based routing optimization of data-gathering wireless sensor networks. Such a network consists of a sink node and a number of scattered sensor nodes which send data packets back to the sink in a multihop fashion. Usually the routing messages, denoted as “beacon”, are initiated by the sink and spread out the whole network by flooding or gossiping. We believe that the...
Advancement in wireless sensor network gives scope of research in the field of designing routing protocol. In this paper evolution of routing protocol is described with its important classification for wireless sensor network. Energy efficient and reliability are two most important factors while designing the routing protocol. Here survey of different classification of routing protocol is done with...
These days it is unlikely to find some areas that are not covered by some WiFi, WiMAX, and/or Cellular devices. Wireless Technology has not only shown us the advancement of science, it also has made an enormous impact on our day-to-day life. In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained a lot of attention to the researchers due to its ability of rapid deployment, low cost and low maintenance,...
IPv6-based wireless sensor networks (IPv6-WSNs) are playing an important role in the extension of the smart grid to residential premises. Unlike traditional WSNs, IPv6-WSNs are based on IP protocol and do not need an application-layer translator. They can greatly save developing time and improve the efficiency for end-to-end communications. As configuring node with unique address is a prerequisite...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), hierarchical routing protocol is commonly used for energy efficiency. However, routing protocols without proper security suffer from many security vulnerabilities. Hence, in this paper, we propose a key renewal scheme based on clustering routing protocol. Especially, this scheme updates the key considering the amount of communication. The simulation result shows...
In order to improve the overall performance, reduce the energy consumption, and extend the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks, a new node energy constrained and twice cluster head selected adaptive clustering routing protocol is proposed in this paper based on the study of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). When constructing the topology of network clustering, the new...
The field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is undergoing a major revolution, opening the prospect of significant impact in many application areas (safety, health, environment, food safety, manufacturing, telecommunications. Routing isfundamental such a network because there is no infrastructure that manages the information exchanged between network nodes. Two major classes of routing algorithms are...
Clustering routing algorithm is an important and widely used method, which can prolong the lifecycle of WSN. Existing clustering algorithm due to the randomness of selecting the cluster head, it is inevitable that the agreement exists choosing cluster head unreasonable, node energy consumption unbalanced. To address the above issues, this paper presents an improved clustering routing algorithm LEACH-KED...
Saving energy is a very critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because sensor nodes have a severe resource constraints such as lack of processing power and limited in power supply. Since the communication is the most energy consuming activities in WSNs, the power use for transmission or reception of packet should be managed properly. Transmission power control (TPC) technique is one of...
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