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Pb-free silver pastes based on SnO-B2O3 glass frits were synthesized and used for the front-contact electrodes of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. First, four kinds of SnO-B2O3 glass frits with different amounts of SnO were synthesized by a melt-quenching method, and four Ag pastes based on these glass frits were prepared correspondingly. Then, Ag pastes were printed on c-Si solar cells and...
External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) measurement is one important method that is implemented to observe solar cells' behaviour in a specific range of wavelength. This research measured EQE in different type of solar cells: silicon, dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC), and perovskite solar cell. The objectives of this research are to understand the correct EQE measurement method and to understand the factors...
In this paper, fuzzy logic based proportional integral derivative controller with filter (PIDF) is proposed for photovoltaic array fed multilevel converter. Initially, the test is carried out using conventional PIDF controller and it yields poor transient response due to the improper tuning of its gain values. Secondly, a fuzzy-tuned PIDF controller has been designed and implemented. The fuzzy controller...
Physical parameters of a photovoltaic cell can be determined from its experimental current-voltage characteristic. The accurate determination of these parameters is particularly dependent on experimental measurements conditions. The reliability of measurements of temperature variations and intensity of solar radiation are dependent on the sampling time of the measurements. Controlling the radiation...
We applied optical pump — THz probe spectroscopy to a series of polycrystalline thin film silicon solar cells treated using various technological steps. We found a clear correlation between the ultrafast carrier dynamics and the macroscopic parameters (like open-circuit voltage) characterizing the cells in a usual steady-state operation.
Photovoltaic properties of perovskite-type solar cells with polysilane-doped hole transport layers were investigated. Poly(methyl phenylsilane), dimethyl-polysilane and decaphenylcyclopentasilane were doped into 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-pmethoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) solutions. Conversion efficiencies of the TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/polysilane-doped spiro-OMeTAD photovoltaic cells...
A simple method for metal deposition on solar cells surface has been developed. Nickel is used as contact barrier to copper and permits low contact resistance on n+ silicon Nickel chloride is used to deposit contacts on front surface. The pattern is obtained by laser ablation on silicon nitride. Laser treatment permits also to get a selective emitter n++ of 30Ω/ □ sheet resistance on which Nickel...
In our work we observe the light behavior before and after light-induced degradation of amorphous/microcrystalline (a-Si/μc-Si) tandem silicon-based solar cells. We show that during light-induced degradation the efficiency increases for illumination levels lower than standard test condition illumination. Additionally we examine the temperature coefficient of the open circuit voltage, short circuit...
In this work we have fabricated inorganic Silicon solar cells coated by a thin layer of Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al). Planar solar cells were fabricated by spin on dopant diffusion method. Thin layers of ZnO:Al were deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition method at different temperatures and ZnO/Al ratios. As a result of the deposition of a large bandgap material on top of the sample, it was found that both...
A “four-wire” configuration thin-film silicon solar cell design is proposed. Front and middle TCO layers are optimized in order to be used, together with a Bragg reflector, to increase the useful current in the top cell (by about 1 mA/cm2 according to initial calculations) and hence the total photocurrent. Preliminary results from both experiments and numerical simulations are presented, showing the...
Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) technology enables high performance photovoltaics at acceptable cost. In this article, we show that this technology is also well suited for low to medium concentration applications. For this purpose, SHJ cells have been optimized and tested at different illumination levels and temperatures. An interesting increase of the efficiency temperature coefficient is observed with...
Photovoltaic Reliability Group is being initiated in USA and India to assist owners of small PV systems. FSEC and Pune University have experience in monitoring performance of PV systems and household energy devices. Small PV system owners are being encouraged to participate. The scope is expected to increase because the Indian Government has decided to boost the national solar target to 100 GW by...
A new degradation mechanism (LeTID, Light and elevated Temperature Induced Degradation) for multicrystalline solar cells is presented. The degradation reaches relative power losses of up to 10% on a time scale of several hundreds of hours of carrier injection and at field relevant temperatures. LeTID leads to a highly injection dependent lifetime characteristic after degradation and features a regeneration...
We propose a ZnO/Si single heterojunction solar cell model based on PC1D simulations and preliminary experimental support. The front ZnO film is intended to perform as antireflection coating as well as electrically active layer in pn junction formation. Considering importance of optical properties of ZnO as front n-layer, experiments are performed to find optimized growth window for ZnO using MOCVD...
The performance of photovoltaic modules depends on temperature and irradiance. It is necessary to translate the measured I–V characteristics to standard test condition for assessing degradation, and such translations require temperature coefficients for voltage and current. Prediction of the annual energy yield also requires knowledge of the temperature coefficients. IEC 60891 provides a standard...
The changes in short-circuit current of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules with temperature are routinely modeled through a single parameter, the temperature coefficient (TC). This parameter is vital for the translation equations used in system sizing, yet in practice is very difficult to measure. In this paper, we discuss these inherent problems and demonstrate how they can introduce unacceptably...
We have observed and reported previously that very small precipitates with sizes of the order of 2–10nm can form in silicon from slow diffusing transition metals. These nano-precipitates can act as exceptionally powerful recombination centers. In this paper we present experimental results on the recombination dynamics and show that the behavior is not well described by previous work on larger precipitates...
Metal-assisted etching can be used to etch high aspect ratio structures in silicon (Si) wafers. Using Au as catalytic metal, we have developed a simple and robust technique which allows very high aspect ratio structures to be etched on n-type <100> substrates. For example, arrays of hundreds of narrow (10µm) and long (85mm) trenches can be etched completely through a 650µm thick wafer in order...
We describe work towards an interdigitated back contacted (IBC) solar cell utilizing ion implanted, passivated contacts. Formation of electron and hole passivated contacts to n-type CZ wafers using tunneling SiO2 and ion implanted amorphous silicon (a-Si) are described. P and B were ion implanted into intrinsic amorphous Si films at several doses and energies. A series of post-implant anneals showed...
A double-heterojunction c-Si solar cell was fabricated at maximum process temperature of 100°C. We demonstrate an electron-selective passivated contact to Si using TiO2, which increased the open-circuit voltage by 45 mV compared to a device with a direct metal to n-type substrate contact. In the fabricated structure, PEDOT/Si replaced the front-side p-n junction of conventional Si-based solar cells...
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