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The growing demand for wireless connectivity has turned bandwidth into a scarce resource that has to be carefully managed and fairly distributed to users. However, the variability of the wireless channel can severely degrade the service received by each user. The Double Relay Communication Protocol (DRCP) [1] is a transmission scheme that addresses these problems by exploiting spatial diversity to...
WSN (Wireless sensor network) comprises of large number of tiny, inexpensive, computationally capable and energy constrained nodes that find use in various surveillance and monitoring applications. Data sensed by these nodes is transfused to the base station using various routing procedures. The pivotal issue in wireless sensor networks is of lifetime and energy conservation as the sensor nodes' energy...
Wireless sensor networks are one of the fast growing technologies in communication field, because of their compact size and ability to work in rugged conditions where human reach is not possible. This paper discusses about H-LEACH, which is used to solve problems of energy considerations while electing a channel head. H-LEACH considers residual and maximum energy of nodes for every round while electing...
In this paper a novel synchronization method for wireless sensor networks with star topology is presented. We address timing synchronization using low frequency real-time clocks in all nodes. A beacon-driven TDMA-protocol for bidirectional node/base communication is used. Between the beacons, which are sent by the base station, lie the superframe time intervals to handle data transmission from node...
Wireless sensor networks are characterized by their sensitivity to complex routing protocols that waste energy. In fact, many ad hoc protocols were experimentally proven to be inconvenient for this type of networks. MR-LEACH is a protocol that governs the sensors data transfer to the base station in a multi-hop hierarchical manner. However, the hierarchical clustering does not achieve a high performance...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are collection of sensor nodes that co-operate together to monitor an environment or a system. These sensor nodes works on limited battery source, one of the factor to be consider while designing a WSNs protocol is by efficient use of available energy resources to prolong network lifetime. Studies show that one of the efficient WSNs protocol is Low Energy Adaptive Cluster...
The requirement for operation with low energy consumption is one of the major constraints that guide the design of routing protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) because each node is powered by a limited and generally an irreplaceable source of energy. In this context, we would like to propose a new protocol which respects the energy constraints, nodes' life duration and packets reception. This...
The deployment of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) must be done with some kind of advanced techniques so that it can mitigate the energy constraints. An existing, clustered-based routing protocol known as Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was studied, the outcome is an improved algorithm based on LEACH. The performance of these algorithms was studied through simulations using OMNeT++. In...
Wireless sensor networks enable the development and implementation of a wide range of applications related to home automation, environmental, safety, health, industrial environments and monitoring. However, there are still some application areas that have not been addressed efficiently, such as wireless sensor networks capable of operating in noisy environments. These operating conditions adversely...
Wireless sensor networks have gained major attention from most of the recent research community. One of the important issues in this type of networks is the inherent limited power of the network sensor nodes. Hierarchical routing protocols are incorporate of efficiently balancing the load on the sensor nodes. But, dice the death of some nodes to the network begins to deteriorate more and more. This...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of small, self-contained electro-mechanical devices that monitor the environment conditions. There are many design issues for WSNs such as deployment, mobility, infrastructure, network topology, network size and density, connectivity, lifetime, node addressability, data aggregation etc. The hierarchical routing protocols are LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive...
One of the major restrictions for the application areas in wireless sensor network is the threat of limited energy resources. The sensor nodes are equipped with ir-rechargable batteries as the source of power. To maximize the entire network life time it is required to optimize the energy usage for the sensor nodes in WSNs. It is already established that clustering is an efficient routing technique...
Data collection is the most basic application of sensor networks. Sensors are deployed in a given region of interest. They sense some physical phenomenon and store the readings. All the sensors send stored data to sink. Sink is a central node which may be connected to the Internet. Sensor nodes may use either CSMA/CA or TDMA at the MAC layer. TDMA prevents collisions. Packets need not be retransmitted...
Rapid technological advances and innovations in the area of autonomous systems push the researchers towards autonomous networked systems with emphasis on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In WSN event-driven applications, it is critical to report the detected events in the area, resulting in sudden bursts of traffic due to occurrence of spatially-correlated or multiple events, causing loss of data...
There are several modification has been happened in LEACH protocol. Most of modifications are in cluster organization. This paper studies modified LEACH protocol using data update procedure of cluster head. In LEACH protocol frequency of sending data to the base station by smaller cluster is higher than bigger cluster due to that energy dissipation in smaller cluster is more than bigger cluster. This...
A challenging issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the energy saving to extend the networks lifetime. In this paper, we propose a novel Energy-Aware Clustering algorithm (EAC) for prolong the wireless sensor network lifetime, EAC achieves a good performance in terms of lifetime by balancing the energy load among all the sensor nodes in the network. EAC introduces the energy factor for cluster...
The network traffic pattern of continuous sensor data collection often changes constantly over time due to the exploitation of temporal and spatial data correlations as well as the nature of condition-based monitoring applications. In contrast to most existing TDMA schedules designed for a static network traffic pattern, this paper proposes a novel TDMA schedule that is capable of efficiently collecting...
The passive backscatter technology is increasingly employed in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. In contrast to existing technologies it offers several advantages including a battery-less operation, extremely small-form factor, and low costs. Our previous works demonstrated that theoretically such backscatter-based network outperforms existing solutions. In contrast, this paper presents...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of small and low-cost sensors deployed in a particular region in order to monitor a phenomena. In this paper, we have addressed some problems, which have significant effects on the performance of WSNs while computing the path from source to the base station. Although in the literature, many MAC protocols for WSNs have been proposed based on QoS to save the...
One of the major issues in Wireless Sensor Network is maximizing the lifetime of the network. In general, all sensor nodes directly send the information to the Base station so the energy requirement is very high. Clustering is used to decrease energy consumption and collision. In this paper, we propose an Energy efficient Cluster Based Data Aggregation scheme for sensor networks (ECBDA). This scheme...
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